Silver ball electrodes.

<p>(A) Handmade stimulator (silver ball electrode embedded in the handmade clip) and (B) application of the electrode to the left side of the lip.</p

Mean latencies, ECD moments, stimulus intensity, and interpeak latency in each subject group.

<p>Mean latencies, ECD moments, stimulus intensity, and interpeak latency in each subject group.</p

Location (XYZ) and orientation (deg) for N13m and P21m in each subject group.

<p>Location (XYZ) and orientation (deg) for N13m and P21m in each subject group.</p

Waveforms and latencies for N13m and P21m after right side stimulation.

<p>[1] YA subject (25 years old, male), [2] EA subject (71 years old, male). Each waveform shows 10 ms before to 35 ms after stimulus onset. Red and blue arrows indicate peak latencies for N13m and P21m, respectively.</p

ECD locations and moments of N13m and P21m.

<p>[1] YA subject (25 years old, male), [2] EA subject (71 years old, male). (A) Isofield maps. (B) ECD locations. (C) ECD moment of N13m shows a larger moment in the EA subject than in the YA subject.</p

Tactile stimulation threshold (g) measured using the Semmes–Weinstein monofilament device for subjective evaluation.

No significant difference was found for any measuring point between the groups: U, upper; L, lower.</p

Intensity of the cP60 (nA•m).

Signal intensity of the cP60m indicated no significant difference between the groups: U, upper; L, lower.</p

Results obtained for latency of SEFs using multiple linear regression analysis.

Results obtained for latency of SEFs using multiple linear regression analysis.</p

Results obtained for intensity of SEFs using multiple linear regression analysis.

Results obtained for intensity of SEFs using multiple linear regression analysis.</p

Results for tactile stimulation thresholds from multiple linear regression analysis.

Results for tactile stimulation thresholds from multiple linear regression analysis.</p