Endoscopic severity and clinical factors for candida esophagitis (n = 62).

a<p>Median (interquartile range).</p>b<p>The existence of oral candidiasis was checked in 38 patients by endoscopy.</p>c<p><i>P</i> for Mann-Whitney U test; ^d<i>P</i> for Fisher's exact probability test.</p><p>Abbreviations: MSM, men who have sex with men; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy.</p

Endoscopic severity of Kodsi's grading.

<p>A: Grade I, a few raised white plaques up to 2 mm in size without edema or ulceration. B: Grade II, multiple raised white plaques greater than 2 mm in size without ulceration. C: Grade III, confluent, linear, and nodular elevated plaques. D: Grade IV, finding of grade III with increased friability of the mucous membranes and occasional narrowing of the lumen. E: “White carpet” appearance, thick white plaque cover on esophageal mucosa circumferential narrowing the lumen. F: Oral Candidiasis, in which endoscopy can detect laryngopharyngeal candidiasis.</p

Upper gastrointestinal diseases (n = 733).

<p>Abbreviations: GI, gastrointestinal; MAC, mycobacterium avium complex.</p

Patient characteristics (n = 733).

<p>Abbreviations: MSM, men who have sex with men; IQR, interquartile range; VL, viral load; HAART, highly active anti-retroviral therapy; GI, gastrointestinal.</p

Clinical factors for candida esophagitis on uni- and multivariable analysis (n = 733).

<p>Abbreviations: CE, Candida esophagitis; MSM, men who have sex with men; VL: viral load; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy.</p

Pathological features of GI-KS.

<p><b>A</b>) Spindle cell proliferation found in the submucosa on hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. <b>B</b>) Immunohistochemical staining revealing strong expression of CD34. <b>C</b>) Immunohistochemical staining revealing expression of D2–40. Vascular gaps are lined with endothelial cells on staining for CD34 and D2–40. <b>D</b>) Some endothelial cells are positive for human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8).</p

Patient characteristics.

<p>Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; MSM, men who have sex with men; VL, viral load; yrs, years; GI, gastrointestinal.</p

Gastrointestinal Kaposi's sarcoma on endoscopy.

<p><b>A</b>) Dark-reddish flat lesions in the esophagus. <b>B</b>) Chromoendoscopy with indigo carmine dye showed a polypoid nodule in the terminal ileum. <b>C</b>). Submucosal lesions in the rectum. <b>D</b>) Bulky tumor surrounding the antrum of the stomach and causing pyloric stenosis. <b>E</b>) Circumferential flat lesions with ulceration in the duodenum. <b>F</b>) Multiple nodules in the stomach.</p

Predictive clinical factors for GI-KS on uni- and multivariable analysis.

†<p>: Analysis by exact logistic regression.</p>*<p>p<0.01.</p>**<p>p<0.05.</p>***<p>p<0.1.</p><p>A final model of multivariable analysis was developed by backward selection of factors showing values of p<0.05.</p><p>Abbreviations: GI-KS, gastrointestinal Kaposi's sarcoma; MSM, men who have sex with men; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; NA, not applicable.</p

Relationship between endoscopic severity of GI-KS and clinical factors (n = 33).

†<p>: Analysis by chi-square test between GI-KS with small tumor and bulky tumor, MSM (p = 0.34), CD4 (p<0.05), HIV-RNA (p = 0.71), history of HAART (p = 0.68), and presence of cutaneous KS (p = 0.61).</p>∫<p>: Analysis by chi-square test between GI-KS with small tumor and bulky tumor, MSM (p = 0.61), CD4 (p = 0.44), HIV-RNA (p = 0.15), history of HAART (p = 1.00), and the presence of cutaneous KS (p = 0.77).</p>¶<p>: Analysis by chi-square test between GI-KS with small tumor and bulky tumor, MSM (p = 0.61), CD4 (p = 0.83), HIV RNA (p<0.05), history of HAART (p = 0.94), and presence of cutaneous KS (p = 0.46).</p><p>Abbreviations: GI-KS, gastrointestinal Kaposi's sarcoma; MSM, men who have sex with men; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy.</p