Apparently noninvariant terms of U(N)×U(N)U(N)\times U(N) nonlinear sigma model in the one-loop approximation

We show how the Apparently Noninvariant Terms (ANTs), which emerge in perturbation theory of nonlinear sigma models, are consistent with the nonlinearly realized symmetry by employing the Ward-Takahashi identity (in the form of an inhomogeneous Zinn-Justin equation). In the literature the discussions on ANTs are confined to the SU(2) case. We generalize them to the U(N) case and demonstrate explicitly at the one-loop level that despite the presence of divergent ANTs in the effective action of the "pions", the symmetry is preserved.Comment: two paragraphs added in Introduction, typos in Eqs. fixe

サイセイ コモン セイド ニオケル ケースワーク ガイネン

済世顧問制度(以下、顧問制度)は、大正期に創設された岡山県独自の防貧策であり、現在の民生委員制度の前身とされる制度である。しかし、その研究が盛んに行われているとはいえない。そのようななか、いくつかある先行研究では、顧問制度においてケースワークの萌芽が見られるとしたものがある。しかしながら、その根拠においては曖昧さがある。そこで、顧問制度に関する一次資料から「ケースワーク」という言葉が使用された文脈を取りあげ、そこから、ケースワーク概念を見出し考察した。The Saiseikomon System is a unique antipoverty program established in Okayama Prefecture in the Taisho period. It is also the forerunner of the current social worker system. However, there is not a lot of research on the adviser system. In such circumstance, some previous studies reported that the beginnings of casework were seen in the Saiseikomon system, but no details were given.Therefore, this research initially aimed to focus on and clarify the meaning of casework used in the Saiseikomon system. In the research approach, the casework theory of the time was organized and in the light of the background of that time, the concept of casework was discovered and considered from the contexts in which the word "casework" was used, mainly based on the then primary sources involved in the Saiseikomon system

コウテンセイ QT エンチョウ ショウコウグン ノ ビョウタイ

The definition of long QT syndrome depends on demonstration of QT prolongation and recurrent syncope due to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia . Acquired long QT syndromes are those due to drugs ( antiarrhythmic agents , antibiotics and phenothazines ), electrolyte abnormalities , acute ischemia and heart block. The ventricular arrhythmia is of a unique type known as torsade de pointes (TdP), which is characterized by rapid rates and gradually changing QRS morphology. Recently, It is reported that the cause of congenital long QT syndrome was abnormalities of gene coded myocardial ion channel, and some of acquired long QT syndrome was associated with congenital abnormalities of ion channel gene. In treatment of acquired long QT syndrome, the first step is to stop administration of the causative drug if can be identified. The aim of the therapy of TdP is to shorten and unify the uneven ventricular repolarization ; that is to correct the underlying electrophysiological disorder . Ventricular pacing and isoproterenol frequently prevent recurrent episodes of TdP by shortening action potential duration. Magnesuim is useful in treating TdP. The antiarrhythmic effect of magnesuim is due to shortening of the duration of ventricular vulnerable period during the cardiac cycle and prevention of ventricular arrhythmias related to reentry mechanism