αハ ノ バイオ フィードバック ト オンガク ノ シュコウ

本研究では,α波バイオフィードバックと音楽の趣向について3つの実験を行った。第1実験では,α波のピーク周波数を測定した。音楽を聴いている状態でピーク周波数が高くなる傾向が見られたが,個人差が大きいために全体の傾向を把握するのは困難であった。第2実験では5秒間累積積分法を用いたα波バイオフィードバック訓練を行った。ここでは「好きな音楽」が呈示されたときのα波振幅は「嫌いな音楽」,「無音」よりも有意に増加した。しかし,全体的に見るとフィードバック訓練の効果は現れていなかった。これは次々と変わる音響条件が被験者の実験への集中力に何らかの影響を与え,結果としてα波阻止が生じたためと思われる。第3実験では「好きな曲」,「嫌いな曲」を事前に調査することで,被験者の音楽への態度を明確にし,第2実験と同様に5秒間累積積分法を用いてα波バイオフィードバック訓練を行った。条件間では開眼安静期2 (フィードバック訓練後の安静期)でのみしか有意差は認められなかったものの試行間でのフィードバック訓練の効果が認められた。また,一貫して「好きな曲」条件におけるα波振幅が他の条件よりも上回っていた。この結果より,α波の増強・リラクセーションの促進には,音楽の好み,つまり音楽に対する態度が重要な要因になることが明らかになった。The present study was to investigate the relationship between alpha brain wave and the preference for music. In Experiment 1, the peak frequency of alpha wave was measured during the periods of music-on and-off, the results showing that while the music-on condition was associated with higher peak frequency, no significant difference was obtained. In Experiment 2, two types of background music, preferred or non-preferred, were introduced during the alpha biofeedback training. It was suggested that the preferred music tended to increase alpha amplitude rather than the non-preferred music, although no biofeedback training effect was observed across the trial. In Experiment 3 the preference for music was predetermined by each subject. The preferred music increased the amount of alpha wave with the marked biofeedback training effect across the trial. Taking these findings together, it might be concluded that the positive psychological factors for perceiving the preferred music would promote relaxation

バイオ フィードバック クンレン ガ オヨボス コウドウ シヒョウ ヘノ エイキョウ

We have studied a series of EEG biofeedback experiment in order to understand the biofeedback training effect upon integrated EEG as well as upon subjective rating. For the next step of the study the effect of EEG biofeedback training upon behavioral measures has to be clarified in a systematic way. Although a number of its clinical application have been done, no parametric study has appeared so far. The purpose of the present study was to test the repeated trials upon time estimation being used as a behavioral measure in a future study. In Experiment 1 three different time intervals of 15, 30 and 45 sec were estimated 10 times by 28 college students. It was observed that the time estimations for the three intervals decreased as the trial proceeded. In Experiment 2 the effect of alpha and beta EEG biofeedback training was tested separately. The findings were that the alpha feedback training tended to increase time estimation, although the beta feedback tended to decrease the time. Taking these findings together it is suggested that the alpha feedback would relax central nervous system which leads to increased time estimation, and the beta feedback has the reverse effect

A Probabilistic Method for Constructing an Empirical Discrimination Model for Hammering Inspection of Cast-Iron Parts

A probabilistic method for constructing an empirical discrimination model to inspect defective cast-iron parts (such as graphite-spheroidized defective parts) by the hammering test is proposed. The hammering-sound frequency spectrum includes multiple resonance lines whose frequencies vary according to the degree of defect. To construct the model, only non-defective hammering-sound data that can be collected from the production line are input, and a distribution function that fits the frequency distribution of each resonance line is estimated. Since the frequency distribution shows multimodality and asymmetry, the function is estimated by using automatic differentiation variational inference with a mixed-normal distribution function. The confidence interval of the obtained distribution function is then regarded as a section with no defective parts, and the discrimination model is automatically constructed by connecting the sections of all resonance lines in the audible range. Then, parts outside the sections are discriminated as defective. Experimentally determined accuracy confirmed that it is possible to achieve hammer-test inspection with the detection rate of 100% and prevent overlooking of defective parts

The Study of the Hydrological Processes in the Soil by Lysimeter (I) : The Simulation of Recession Process

愛知演習林に設置されたラシメータを対象に，土中水移動に関する数値モデルを適用した結果を報告する。モデルは温度傾度と水分傾度の一次結合によって水と熱の流れを表現する構造を持つ。また，地表面では先ず熱収支を考慮して地表面温度を決定し，地表面と地上1.5mの微気象条件に従い，この地表面における温度と水分の状態を境界条件として土体内の水の温度の分布が決定され，これに応じて浸出量が決定される。同地区における4月末の気象条件を入力として，土体の飽和状態から出発して60時間の圧力分布，温度分布，浸出量，蒸発量が求められた。得られた結果は現象を良く説明していると判断される。今回は実験値が必ずしも十分でなく，モデルのパラメータにはいずれも標準的な数値を用いたが，今後，実験あるいは実測値との照合を行なって最適な値を求めれば，蒸発量の時間的な変化を高い精度で求め得ると考えられる。The numerical model on the hydrological processes in the soil was applied to the lysimeter in the Tokyo University Forest in Aichi, Inuyama Area. The model expressed flow of water and heat by the linear combination betwen temperature and moisture gradient. Further, the ground surface temperature was determined with due regard to the heat balance, and the evaporation was calculated according to the micrometeorological conditions among the ground surface and 1.5m above ground. The distribution of water and temperature in the soil was determined by regarding the condition of temperature and moisture on the ground as the boundary conditions, and according to that, oozing was determined. By inputting the meteorological conditions at the end of April in this area, the distribution of pressure and temperature, the oozing, and the evaporation were simulated during sixty hours after the soil had become saturated. According to the results, it was judged for the model to be able to explain the phenomena very well. Here, standard values were used as the parameters of the model. If the optimum values of them are obtained by cailbration between the measured and calculated values, it is expected that the change of evaporation with time can be obtained with high accuracy

Inducible deletion of microRNA activity in kidney mesenchymal cells exacerbates renal fibrosis

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are sequence-specific inhibitors of post-transcriptional gene expression. However, the physiological functions of these non-coding RNAs in renal interstitial mesenchymal cells remain unclear. To conclusively evaluate the role of miRNAs, we generated conditional knockout (cKO) mice with platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β)-specific inactivation of the key miRNA pathway gene Dicer. The cKO mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral ligation, and renal interstitial fibrosis was quantitatively evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining. Compared with control mice, cKO mice had exacerbated interstitial fibrosis exhibited by immunofluorescence staining and mRNA expression of PDGFR-β. A microarray analysis showed decreased expressions of miR-9-5p, miR-344g-3p, and miR-7074-3p in cKO mice compared with those in control mice, suggesting an association with the increased expression of PDGFR-β. An analysis of the signaling pathways showed that the major transcriptional changes in cKO mice were related to smooth muscle cell differentiation, regulation of DNA metabolic processes and the actin cytoskeleton, positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation and Ras protein signal transduction, and focal adhesion-PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Depletion of Dicer in mesenchymal cells may downregulate the signaling pathway related to miR-9-5p, miR-344g-3p, and miR-7074-3p, which can lead to the progression of chronic kidney disease. These findings highlight the possibility for future diagnostic or therapeutic developments for renal fibrosis using miR-9-5p, miR-344g-3p, and miR-7074-3p

Species Distribution of Candidemia and Their Susceptibility in a Single Japanese University Hospital: Prior Micafungin Use Affects the Appearance of Candida parapsilosis and Elevation of Micafungin MICs in Non-parapsilosis Candida Species

Introduction: Micafungin is a recommended echinocandin antifungal agent for candidemia treatment and prophylaxis. However, overuse of echinocandin antifungals may cause resistance. There is currently no information available regarding the low susceptibility associated with using micafungin. This study investigated the effect of micafungin use on changes in the detected Candida species and low susceptibility. Methods: We conducted a retrospective survey and included records of Candida spp. detected in blood cultures from January 2010 to December 2018 in our hospital. Survey items included clinical outcomes at 30 days after positive cultures, patient characteristics, and drug prescription status. Patient background information included gender, previous hospitalization, stay in the intensive care unit, comorbidities, and history of surgery (within 90 days before candidemia onset) and drug exposure. Species detected and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and amount of antifungal prescriptions by department were investigated. Risk factors for detecting C. parapsilosis and for low susceptibility to micafungin were evaluated using multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 153 Candida clinical blood isolates were collected and C. albicans was the most prevalent species, followed by C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata. In the analysis by department, antifungal use and non-albicans Candida species were most frequently detected in the hematology department. Multivariate analysis showed that prior micafungin use increased the risk of C. parapsilosis (odds ratio (OR) 4.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–12.79; p = 0.011). MIC90 of micafungin on C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis was 1.0 μg/mL. Prior micafungin use was clarified as a risk factor resulting in MIC > 0.06 μg/mL for micafungin in non-parapsilosis Candida species (OR 13.2; 95% CI 3.23–54.2; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Prior micafungin use increased the risk of C. parapsilosis and the MIC > 0.06 μg/mL of micafungin in non-parapsilosis Candida species. Since there are only a few antifungal options, further antifungal stewardship considering azole antifungal agents use is required

WAKE ISLAND PASSAGE FLUX EXPERIMENT DATA BOOK

調査海域: 北太平洋中央海域, 北太平洋亜熱帯域 / Area: North Pacific Ocean / Line: / Expocode: 49MR03K02_1, 49MR0505_2, 49HH044_2http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/mirai/mr03-k02/ehttp://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/mirai/mr05-05_leg2/