Observations of Plasma Blob Ejection from a Quiescent Prominence by Hinode SOT

We report findings from 0.2" resolution observations of the 2007 October 03 quiescent prominence observed with the Solar Optical Telescope on the Hinode satellite. The observations show clear ejections from the top of the quiescent prominence of plasma blobs. The ejections, originating from the top of rising prominence threads, are impulsively accelerated to Alfvenic velocities and then undergo ballistic motion. The ejections have a characteristic size between ~ 1000 - 2000 km. These characteristics are similar to downwardly propagating knots (typical size ~ 700 km) that have been observed in prominence threads, we suggest that the plasma blob ejections could be the upward moving counterpart to the downwardly propagating knots. We discuss the tearing instability as a possible mechanism to explain the ejections.Comment: 9 Pages, 4 Figures, Accepted for publication in PASJ letter

Observation on Behavior of Flowing Diriftwoods around Bridge Pier

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

The Syro-Ephraimite War and its Implications

The latter half of the eighth century B.C.E. in the Near East was a period of Assyrian resurgence and expansion to the west under the powerful king， Tiglath-Pileser III． ln response to this threat， Rezin， king of Aram， and Pekah， king of Israel， formed an anti-Assyrian coalition and attempted to persuade Ahaz of Judah to participate． After the Ahaz‘ rejection of this offer， Rezin and Pekah advanced against Judah and besieged Jerusalem， but had to withdraw because of the advancing Assyrian army， which took advantage of the opportunity to crash the coalition． This， so-called Syro-Ephraimite War， cannot be fully understood without consideration of its background， some of its problems， and its consequences

Evaluating Competing Hypotheses with Bayes’ Theorem: Qumran as a Case Study

This article seeks to provide a new approach to the classic problem of determining the function of the community in Qumran. It considers three hypotheses concerning the function of the community at Qumran, and attempts to assign a probability to each using a Bayes\u27 theorem calculation in four steps: (1) Establish and list available data related to the hypotheses. (2) Numerically assess the data to establish data probabilities. (3) Establish prior probabilities. (4) Calculate posterior probabilities with Bayes\u27 theorem. The results of this calculation indicate a 36% probability that Qumran was an Essene community; 21% probability that Qumran was a military post; and 43% probability that Qumran was a commercial post

Burial Customs during Chalcolithic Palestine

This paper examines Chalcolithic burial customs in the four regions of Palestine. Tell ‘Adeimeh produced cist tombs in the Jordan Valley. The coastal plain caves contained ossuaries in the form of rectangular boxes decorated houses, and stone jars. Although the concentration of burials in the coastal plain led some archaeologists believe that Beersheba pastoralists used these caves during seasonal migration, there is no evidence for long-distance seasonal migration during the Chalcolithic. Nawamis in the Sinai were used by Sinai pastoralists as their tombs

Rehoboam and His Fortified Cities

This paper surveys the list of Rehoboam\u27s fortified cities from the perspective of historiography and archaeology. The list to be dated from the time of Rehoboam and after the Egyptian invasion suggests the necessity of a chain of defense in the territory. A buffer zone of Benjamites explains the absence of the defense in the northern front. Gath in the list must be Moresheth-gath. Beth-zur was undefinable while Lachish had a small palace-like fortress at the time of Rehoboam, making the main settlement "fortified" to some extent

Qumran: What was the Nature of the Settlement?

To Dead Sea Scrolls――the fascinating manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible, its commentaries,and sectarian doctrines――were found in the caves near Qumran. The site, overlooking the Dead Sea,had a settlement that has been the focal point of controversy. What was the function(s) of the settlement? Various opinions have been proposed for this question. De Vaux (1973), the excavator of Qumran, thinks that the site was an isolated religious community of the Essenes. A military post,or fortress was suggested by Golb (1994). Crown & Cansdale favor the idea of a commercial entrepot (1994). ln this paper, several discussions are presented in order to determine which function(s) the settlement had. First, we attempt to define the Essenes to test the feasibility of Qumran――Essene connection; second, provided that the scrolls came from the settlement, we will review the question of who wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls; third, we will discuss the evidence of the archaeological excavation to examine whether that evidence supports any of the three functions

下関市立美術館所蔵のキプロス土器

This paper introduces the White Slip II ware of the Kawamura Collection at Shimonoseki City Art Museum and surveys the implications of White Slip ware with regard to its trade and cultural context. The importation of Cypriot pottery into Palestine did not begin in the Late Bronze Age but continued from the previous period, the Middle Bronze Age. The number, variation, and geographical distribution of the Cypriot importations increased during LB IB. The Cypriot pottery group from northern Sinai and southern Palestine resembles each other but are different from that of Egypt. The reasons Cypriot pottery was imported could be the desirability of their contents or the vessels themselves, but no conclusions can be made. The Cypro-Palestinian trade was terminated during the campaigns of Sety I and Ramesses II to reinstate Egyptian control over Palestine. The trade ended late in the LB IIA period. While jugs and juglets are found more often in funerary context than in settlement, or habitation contexts, the opposite is true for bowls such as White Slip ware. The quantitative and proportional distribution of Cypriot pottery by type indicates that White Slip II ware comprises 17.5% of pottery in northern Sinai, 15% in southern Canaan and 2% in Egypt. In addition, analyzing the distribution of Cypriot pottery in settlement and funerary contexts in southern Canaan shows that White Slip ware accounts for 39% of pottery in private houses and 7.6% in tombs. Although White Slip ware is common in both northern Sinai and southern Canaan, it comprises only 2% of the Egyptian collection. / この椀はキプロス島の土器で、ホワイト・スリップ土器、つまり「白い釉薬（うわぐすり）」を塗った土器である。厳密にはホワイト・スリップ土器のⅡ型に属する。白色の釉薬が塗られていて牛乳を塗ったような装いを呈していることから、「ミルク椀」という愛称でも呼ばれている。キプロス島から交易に使われたこの土器の年代は、紀元前15世紀から13世紀頃にあたる。考古学的には後期青銅器時代の第Ⅱ期に位置付けられる。大きさはおよそ6×15センチで、厚さは約5ミリ程度である。黒褐色の格子状あるいは網状の紋様が描かれているのが特徴で、厚手の白い釉薬が塗られている。ハーバード大学のセム博物館の例にあるように、通常、この土器には鳥の鎖骨に似た取っ手があるものである（No.1995.10.741）。しかし本品では既に形骸化したかと思われ、縁にわずかながらの取っ手が付いている。このことからこの土器の年代は、時代が下って紀元前13世紀頃と位置付けてもよいかと思われる。本品はセム博物館の別の例に酷似しており（No.1995.10.748）、セム博物館ではこの場合ランプとしても使用された可能性もあるとしている。しかし、煤のようなランプとして使用された痕跡は本品には見当たらない。キプロス島からの交易でホワイト・スリップ土器に何が入れられてきたかについて、キプロス島で産出される銅鉱石を入れていたのではないか、と以前から言われてきた。ただし、ホワイト・スリップ土器は薄手の美しい土器であるため、土器そのものが輸出された可能性もある。ホワイト・スリップ土器が出土する地域は、古代エジプト、パレスチナ、シリア、レバノンに広がっている。河村幸次郎コレクションに含まれる本品は、コレクションの大多数を占めるエジプトから出土した可能性があるとともに、ホワイト・スリップ土器の出土数の多い古代パレスチナの可能性もある。ホワイト・スリップ土器は遺跡の様々な場所や墓で出土している。居住区では破片で発見されることが多い一方、埋葬の際、故人とともに葬られる副葬品の場合は、完全な形で残りやすい。本品も副葬品であった可能性が高いと言える。この土器は限られた時代に出現することと、文様と釉薬が独特であるので、遺跡の発掘においては破片であっても地層の年代特定の有力な手掛かりとなる。たとえ破片であってもこの土器の存在は発掘者にとって朗報なのである。ホワイト・スリップ土器は「ミルク椀」という愛称のとおり、古代の日常生活において液体を入れる器として使われていたと考えられる。ただし、ランプとしての使用を完全には否定できないので、油の可能性もあると考えられる。しかしながら、この土器は現代においてもそのままミルク椀として使えそうである。古代の日常生活に華をそえたであろうこの土器を完全な形で今に伝える本品は、河村コレクションの優れた一品と言えよう

202

This article reviews the the theory behind research design, its background, its influence, and the limitations and future prospects. Developing research designs is based on General Systems Theory in which culture is a system composed of subsystems. The necessity to make explicit what we are trying to learn has had significant impact as shown in the projects discussed. Although General Systems Theory has limitations, systems thinking made a major contribution to our understanding of the necessity to build research designs