Thin-shell theory based analysis of radially pressurized multiwall carbon nanotubes

The radial deformation of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) under hydrostatic pressure is investi gated within the continuum elastic approximation. A thin shell theory, with accurate elastic constants and interwall couplings, allows us to estimate the critical pressure above which the original circular cross section transforms into radially corrugated ones. The emphasis is placed on the rigorous formula tion of the van der Waals interaction between adjacent walls, which we analyze using two different approaches. Possible consequences of the radial corrugation in the physical properties of pressurized MWNTs are also discussed

Diverse corrugation pattern in radially shrinking carbon nanotubes

Stable cross sections of multiwalled carbon nanotubes subjected to electron-beam irradiation are investigated in the realm of the continuum mechanics approximation. The self-healing nature of sp2 graphitic sheets implies that selective irradiation of the outermost walls causes their radial shrinkage with the remaining inner walls undamaged. The shrinking walls exert high pressure on the interior part of nanotubes, yielding a wide variety of radial-corrugation patterns (i.e. circumferentially wrinkling structures) in the cross section. All corrugation patterns can be classified into two deformation phases for which the corrugation amplitudes of the innermost wall differ significantly

Core species and interactions prominent in fish-associated microbiome dynamics

魚の健康において鍵となる「コア微生物叢」 --ウナギ養殖水槽内の細菌叢動態--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-03-30.[Background] In aquatic ecosystems, the health and performance of fish depend greatly on the dynamics of microbial community structure in the background environment. Nonetheless, finding microbes with profound impacts on fish’s performance out of thousands of candidate species remains a major challenge. [Methods] We examined whether time-series analyses of microbial population dynamics could illuminate core components and structure of fish-associated microbiomes in the background (environmental) water. By targeting eel-aquaculture-tank microbiomes as model systems, we reconstructed the population dynamics of the 9605 bacterial and 303 archaeal species/strains across 128 days. [Results] Due to the remarkable increase/decrease of constituent microbial population densities, the taxonomic compositions of the microbiome changed drastically through time. We then found that some specific microbial taxa showed a positive relationship with eels’ activity levels even after excluding confounding effects of environmental parameters (pH and dissolved oxygen level) on population dynamics. In particular, a vitamin-B12-producing bacteria, Cetobacterium somerae, consistently showed strong positive associations with eels’ activity levels across the replicate time series of the five aquaculture tanks analyzed. Network theoretical and metabolic modeling analyses further suggested that the highlighted bacterium and some other closely-associated bacteria formed “core microbiomes” with potentially positive impacts on eels. [Conclusions] Overall, these results suggest that the integration of microbiology, ecological theory, and network science allows us to explore core species and interactions embedded within complex dynamics of fish-associated microbiomes

High-mass star formation in Orion triggered by cloud-cloud collision II, Two merging molecular clouds in NGC2024

We analyzed the NANTEN2 13CO (J=2-1 and 1-0) datasets in NGC 2024. We found that the cloud consists of two velocity components, whereas the cloud shows mostly single-peaked CO profiles. The two components are physically connected to the HII region as evidenced by their close correlation with the dark lanes and the emission nebulosity. The two components show complementary distribution with a displacement of 0.4 pc. Such complementary distribution is typical to colliding clouds discovered in regions of high-mass star formation. We hypothesize that cloud-cloud collision between the two components triggered the formation of the late O stars and early B stars localized within 0.3 pc of the cloud peak. The collision timescale is estimated to be ~ 10^5 yrs from a ratio of the displacement and the relative velocity 3-4 km s-1 corrected for probable projection. The high column density of the colliding cloud 1023 cm-2 is similar to those in the other massive star clusters in RCW 38, Westerlund 2, NGC 3603, and M42, which are likely formed under trigger by cloud-cloud collision. The present results provide an additional piece of evidence favorable to high-mass star formation by a major cloud-cloud collision in Orion.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, submitted for publication in PASJ (cloud-cloud collision special issue

ヨクウツ セイキジ ノ タイショ コウドウ ヒョウカ シャクド ノ サクセイ : ダトウセイ ノ ケントウ

The purpose of this study was to examine variations of coping during depressive moods in terms of behavioral activation and the relationship between patterns of coping and severity of depression. First, we collected items of coping during depressive moods by interviewing 29 undergraduate students. Then, based on the data the COPING ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE during depressive moods (CAQ-D) was developed. To investigate the factor structure of CAQ-D, CAQ-D was completed by 209 undergraduates. The results of a factor analysis indicated that CAQ-D consisted of three factors: (a)Activation , (b)Observing One’s Experience , and (c)Distraction. Activation was positively related to Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale(BADS), and Observing One’s Experience was positively correlated with Observing (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; FFMQ). However, Distraction showed no correlation with the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II(AAQ-II). Secondly, we defined coping style against depressive mood based on the CAQ-D, and investigated the relationship between coping styles and depression. The results showed that there were 4 coping styles : (a)all high Coping group, (b)high Activation and Distraction group, (c)Distraction group, and (d)Activation and Observing One’s Experience group. Moreover, the high Activation and Distraction group felt more positive feelings than Distraction group. Although no consideration was placed on the relation between coping styles and stressors, these results suggest that one who has many variations of coping can gain more positive reinforcements

第IX(a)因子および第X因子に対する二重特異性抗体であるエミシズマブはin vitroで第XI因子欠乏血漿における凝固機能を増強する

Essentials Emicizumab mimics factor (F)VIIIa cofactor function, augments the intrinsic tenase activity. We assessed the emicizumab-driven hemostatic function in FXI-deficient plasmas. Emicizumab improved the coagulation potentials in severe FXI-deficient plasma. Emicizumab may provide a possibility for clinical application in patients with FXI deficiency. SUMMARY: Background Patients with factor (F)XI deficiency commonly present with markedly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT), although bleeding phenotypes are heterogeneous. Emicizumab, a bispecific monoclonal antibody to FIX/FIXa and FX/FXa, mimics FVIIIa cofactor function on phospholipid (PL) surfaces. Antibody reactions were designed, therefore, to augment mechanisms during the propagation phase of blood coagulation. Aim To assess emicizumab-driven hemostatic function in FXI-deficient plasmas. Methods and Results Standard ellagic acid (Elg)/PL-based APTTs of different FXI-deficient plasmas (n = 13; FXI activity, < 1 IU dl-1 ) were markedly shortened dose dependently by the presence of emicizumab. To further analyze the effects of emicizumab, clot waveform analysis (CWA) in FXI-deficient plasmas with emicizumab, triggered by tissue factor (TF)/Elg demonstrated improvements in both clot times, reflecting the initiation phase, and coagulation velocity, which represents the propagation phase. Emicizumab also enhanced the TF/Elg-triggered thrombin generation in FXI-deficient plasmas dose-dependently although the degree of enhancement varied in individual cases. Thrombin generation with either FVII-deficient plasma or FIX-deficient plasma treated with anti-FXI antibody showed little or no increase by the co-presence of emicizumab, suggesting that the accelerated thrombin generation in FXI-deficient plasmas by emicizumab should depend on the FIXa-involved coagulation propagation initially triggered by FVIIa/TF. The ex vivo addition of emicizumab to whole blood from three patients with severe FXI deficiency demonstrated modest, dose-dependent improvements in Ca2+ -triggered thromboelastograms (NATEM mode). Conclusion Emicizumab appeared to improve coagulation function in severe FXI-deficient plasma, and might provide possibilities for clinical application in patients with FXI deficiency.博士（医学）・乙第1427号・平成31年3月15日© 2018 International Society on Thrombosis and HaemostasisThis is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jth.14334], which has been published in final form at [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jth.14334]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions

Preparation of Au-Pd Core-shell Nanoparticles Supported TiO2 and Influence of Photocatalytic Activity on the Shell Thickness

ナノダイナミクス国際シンポジウム 平成22年1月21日(木) 於長崎大学Nagasaki Symposium on Nano-Dynamics 2010 (NSND2010), January 21, 2010, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Invited Lectur

Indicators for blood glucose control in diabetics with end-stage chronic renal disease : GHb vs. glycated albumin (GA)

Diabetics with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) exhibit abnormal life span of erythrocytes, and thus, HbAlc is not necessarily a good indicator for blood glucose control. The present study was conducted to reaffirm this point and determine whether glycated albumin (GA) can be used instead of HbAlc. The following three groups of patients with diabetes served as subjects : 49 predialysis patients with ESRD (predialysis group), 37 patients with ESRD on dialysis (dialysis group), and 40 patients without nephropathy (non-dialysis group). The profile set mean blood glucose was calculated by measuring blood glucose levels seven times a day. The relationship of profile set mean blood glucose with HbAlc and GA levels was then investigated. Corrected HbAlc levels were calculated by applying the profile set mean blood glucose of each ESRD patient to the regression formula for the HbAlc of non-dialysis patients. The actual and corrected HbAlc levels for the predialysis patients were 5.4±1.1 and 7.9±1.1%, respectively, while those for the dialysis patients were 5.6±1.0 and 7.5±0.9%, respectively (plt0.0001). The changes in GA levels in relation to the blood glucose control in the dialysis patients matched those in non-dialysis patients. HbAlc levels for diabetics with ESRD were lower than indicated by their blood glucose control. When assessing blood glucose control based solely on HbAlc, erroneous results may be obtained. In such cases, GA may be used instead of HbAlc