170 research outputs found
Magnetization jump in the XXZ chain with next-nearest-neighbor exchange
We study the dependence of the magnetization M with magnetic field B at zero
temperature in the spin-1/2 XXZ chain with nearest-neighbor (NN) J1 and next-NN
J2 exchange interactions, with anisotropies Delta1 and Delta2 respectively. The
region of parameters for which a jump in M(B) exists is studied using numerical
diagonalization, and analytical results for two magnons on a ferromagnetic
background in the thermodynamic limit. We find a line in the parameter space
(J2/J1, Delta1/J1, Delta2/J2) (determined by two simple equations) at which the
ground state is highly degenerate. M(B) has a jump near this line, and at or
near the isotropic case with ferromagnetic J1 and antiferromagnetic J2, with
|J2/J1| near 1/4. These results are relevant for some systems containing CuO
chains with edge-sharing CuO4 units.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Automatic Fine Alignment and Pointing of Movable Telescopes using Point and Template Matching
Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetic
Spatial averaging and apparent acceleration in inhomogeneous spaces
As an alternative to dark energy that explains the observed acceleration of
the universe, it has been suggested that we may be at the center of an
inhomogeneous isotropic universe described by a Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB)
solution of Einstein's field equations. To test this possibility, it is
necessary to solve the null geodesics. In this paper we first give a detailed
derivation of a fully analytical set of differential equations for the radial
null geodesics as functions of the redshift in LTB models. As an application we
use these equaions to show that a positive averaged acceleration obtained
in LTB models through spatial averaging can be incompatible with cosmological
observations. We provide examples of LTB models with positive which fail
to reproduce the observed luminosity distance . Since the apparent
cosmic acceleration is obtained from fitting the observed luminosity
distance to a FLRW model we conclude that in general a positive in LTB
models does not imply a positive .Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures. Explicit derivation of the fully analytical
null geodesic equations has been added. Published in GR
Cosmological and astrophysical limits on brane fluctuations
We consider a general brane-world model parametrized by the brane tension
scale and the branon mass . For low tension compared to the fundamental
gravitational scale, we calculate the relic branon abundance and its
contribution to the cosmological dark matter. We compare this result with the
current observational limits on the total and hot dark matter energy densities
and derive the corresponding bounds on and . Using the nucleosynthesis
bounds on the number of relativistic species, we also set a limit on the number
of light branons in terms of the brane tension. Finally, we estimate the bounds
coming from the energy loss rate in supernovae explosions due to massive branon
emission.Comment: 26 pages, 6 figures, LaTeX. Final version with minor corrections. To
appear in Phys. Rev.
Constraints on diffuse neutrino background from primordial black holes
We calculated the energy spectra and the fluxes of electron neutrino emitted
in the process of evaporation of primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early
universe. It was assumed that PBHs are formed by a blue power-law spectrum of
primordial density fluctuations. We obtained the bounds on the spectral index
of density fluctuations assuming validity of the standard picture of
gravitational collapse and using the available data of several experiments with
atmospheric and solar neutrinos. The comparison of our results with the
previous constraints (which had been obtained using diffuse photon background
data) shows that such bounds are quite sensitive to an assumed form of the
initial PBH mass function.Comment: 18 pages,(with 7 figures
Background Dependent Lorentz Violation: Natural Solutions to the Theoretical Challenges of the OPERA Experiment
To explain both the OPERA experiment and all the known phenomenological
constraints/observations on Lorentz violation, the Background Dependent Lorentz
Violation (BDLV) has been proposed. We study the BDLV in a model independent
way, and conjecture that there may exist a "Dream Special Relativity Theory",
where all the Standard Model (SM) particles can be subluminal due to the
background effects. Assuming that the Lorentz violation on the Earth is much
larger than those on the interstellar scale, we automatically escape all the
astrophysical constraints on Lorentz violation. For the BDLV from the effective
field theory, we present a simple model and discuss the possible solutions to
the theoretical challenges of the OPERA experiment such as the Bremsstrahlung
effects for muon neutrinos and the pion decays. Also, we address the Lorentz
violation constraints from the LEP and KamLAMD experiments. For the BDLV from
the Type IIB string theory with D3-branes and D7-branes, we point out that the
D3-branes are flavour blind, and all the SM particles are the conventional
particles as in the traditional SM when they do not interact with the
D3-branes. Thus, we not only can naturally avoid all the known phenomenological
constraints on Lorentz violation, but also can naturally explain all the
theoretical challenges. Interestingly, the energy dependent photon velocities
may be tested at the experiments.Comment: RevTex4, 14 pages, minor corrections, references adde
Theoretical study of lepton events in the atmospheric neutrino experiments at SuperK
Super-Kamiokande has reported the results for the lepton events in the
atmospheric neutrino experiment. These results have been presented for a 22.5kT
water fiducial mass on an exposure of 1489 days, and the events are divided
into sub-GeV, multi-GeV and PC events. We present a study of nuclear medium
effects in the sub-GeV energy region of atmospheric neutrino events for the
quasielastic scattering, incoherent and coherent pion production processes, as
they give the most dominant contribution to the lepton events in this energy
region. We have used the atmospheric neutrino flux given by Honda et al. These
calculations have been done in the local density approximation. We take into
account the effect of Pauli blocking, Fermi motion, Coulomb effect,
renormalization of weak transition strengths in the nuclear medium in the case
of the quasielastic reactions. The inelastic reactions leading to production of
leptons along with pions is calculated in a - dominance model by
taking into account the renormalization of properties in the nuclear
medium and the final state interaction effects of the outgoing pions with the
residual nucleus. We present the results for the lepton events obtained in our
model with and without nuclear medium effects, and compare them with the Monte
Carlo predictions used in the simulation and the experimentally observed events
reported by the Super-Kamiokande collaboration.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figure
The phase diagram of the extended anisotropic ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain
By using Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) technique we study the
phase diagram of 1D extended anisotropic Heisenberg model with ferromagnetic
nearest-neighbor and antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor interactions. We
analyze the static correlation functions for the spin operators both in- and
out-of-plane and classify the zero-temperature phases by the range of their
correlations. On clusters of sites with open boundary
conditions we isolate the boundary effects and make finite-size scaling of our
results. Apart from the ferromagnetic phase, we identify two gapless spin-fluid
phases and two ones with massive excitations. Based on our phase diagram and on
estimates for the coupling constants known from literature, we classify the
ground states of several edge-sharing materials.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figure
Additional Nucleon Current Contributions to Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
We have examined the importance of momentum dependent induced nucleon
currents such as weak-magnetism and pseudoscalar couplings to the amplitude of
neutrinoless double beta decay in the mechanisms of light and heavy Majorana
neutrino as well as in that of Majoron emission. Such effects are expected to
occur in all nuclear models in the direction of reducing the light neutrino
matrix elements by about 30%. To test this we have performed a calculation of
the nuclear matrix elements of the experimentally interesting nuclei A = 76,
82, 96, 100, 116, 128, 130, 136 and 150 within the pn-RQRPA. We have found that
indeed such corrections vary somewhat from nucleus to nucleus, but in all cases
they are greater than 25 percent. In the case of heavy neutrino the effect is
much larger (a factor of 3). Combining out results with the best presently
available experimental limits on the half-life of the neutrinoless double beta
decay we have extracted new limits on the effective neutrino mass (light and
heavy) and the effective Majoron coupling constant.Comment: 31 pages, RevTex, 3 Postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Dark Energy and Gravity
I review the problem of dark energy focusing on the cosmological constant as
the candidate and discuss its implications for the nature of gravity. Part 1
briefly overviews the currently popular `concordance cosmology' and summarises
the evidence for dark energy. It also provides the observational and
theoretical arguments in favour of the cosmological constant as the candidate
and emphasises why no other approach really solves the conceptual problems
usually attributed to the cosmological constant. Part 2 describes some of the
approaches to understand the nature of the cosmological constant and attempts
to extract the key ingredients which must be present in any viable solution. I
argue that (i)the cosmological constant problem cannot be satisfactorily solved
until gravitational action is made invariant under the shift of the matter
lagrangian by a constant and (ii) this cannot happen if the metric is the
dynamical variable. Hence the cosmological constant problem essentially has to
do with our (mis)understanding of the nature of gravity. Part 3 discusses an
alternative perspective on gravity in which the action is explicitly invariant
under the above transformation. Extremizing this action leads to an equation
determining the background geometry which gives Einstein's theory at the lowest
order with Lanczos-Lovelock type corrections. (Condensed abstract).Comment: Invited Review for a special Gen.Rel.Grav. issue on Dark Energy,
edited by G.F.R.Ellis, R.Maartens and H.Nicolai; revtex; 22 pages; 2 figure
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