Pengaruh Metode Pemisahan Pelarut Dalam Gel Terhadap Sifat Fisik Titania-alumina Sebagai Penyangga Katalis

PENGARUH METODE PEMISAHAN PELARUT DALAM GEL TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK TITANIA-ALUMINA SEBAGAI PENYANGGA KATALIS. TiO2-Al2O3 gel monolitik dalam nisbah mol 0,2 untuk TiO2 dan 0,8 untuk Al2O3 telah dibuat dengan cara hidrolisis dari aluminium sec-butoksida, Al (OC4H9sec)3 dan titanium isopropoksida Ti(OC3H7iso)4 dalam larutan n-propanol dengan katalis asam. Pemisahan pelarut dalam gel dilakukan dengan dua cara, pertama pengeringan pada tekanan atmosfer hingga terbentuk xerogel. Kedua, pemisahan pelarut pada kondisi CO2 superkritik, hingga terbentuk aerogel. Terbentuknya gugus Ti-O, salah satu dari titanium dioksida atau jaringan polimer –Ti-O-Ti-O-Al-O- ditunjukkan dengan adanya puncak antara 500 dan 900 cm-1 yang tajam tetapi lebar pada spektrum infra merah. Puncak yang kuat pada 1635 cm-1 menandakan adanya gugus –OH uluran yang merupakan derajat yang tinggi dari permukaan hidroksilasi. Volume kumulatif pori-pori dari xerogel sangat kecil jika dibandingkan dengan aerogel hasil pemisahan pelarut pada kondisi CO2 superkritik. Fase anatase TiO2 tidak terbentuk selama proses kristalisasi hingga kalsinasi sampai suhu 1000oC. Pengkristalan alumina terjadi secara langsung dari fasa amorf Al2O3 ke fasa α-Al2O3 dan fasa-fasa antara θ- dan γ-Al2O3 tidak teramati. Dari hasil tersebut dapat diperkirakan bahwa selama kalsinasi partikel TiO2 terpisah dari partikel Al2O3 membentuk inti atom rutil sebelum terbentuknya kristal α-Al2O3. Karena itu pembentukan fasa rutile TiO2 akan mempercepat terbentuknya fasa α-Al2O3. Keasaman campuran titania alumina setelah dikalsinasi pada suhu 500 oC lebih tinggi daripada oksidanya masing-masing, yaitu TiO2 dan Al2O3. Hal ini disebabkan oleh terbentuknya asam Lewis dari campuran titania-alumina

Giant Extrinsic Spin Hall Effect due to Rare-Earth Impurities

We investigate the extrinsic spin Hall effect in the electron gas model due to magnetic impurities, by focusing on Ce- and Yb-impurities. In the dilute limit, the skew scattering term dominates the side jump term. For Ce-impurities, the spin Hall angle $\alpha_{\rm SH}$ due to skew scattering is given by $-8\pi\sin\delta_2/7$, where $\delta_2 (\ll 1)$ is the phase shift for$d (l=2)$ partial wave. Since $\alpha_{\rm SH}$ reaches $O(10^{-1})$ if \delta_2 \simge 0.03, the spin Hall effect is anticipated to be considerable in metals with rare-earth impurities. The giant extrinsic SHE originates from the large orbital angular momentum, which is also significant for the intrinsic SHE.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, to be published in New Journal of Physic

Weak-coupling expansions for the attractive Holstein and Hubbard models

Weak-coupling expansions (conserving approximations) are carried out for the attractive Holstein and Hubbard models (on an infinite-dimensional hypercubic lattice) that include all bandstructure and vertex correction effects. Quantum fluctuations are found to renormalize transition temperatures by factors of order unity, but may be incorporated into the superconducting channel of Migdal-Eliashberg theory by renormalizing the phonon frequency and the interaction strength.Comment: 10 pages, (five figures available from the author by request) typeset with ReVTeX, preprint NSF-ITP-93-10

Phase Diagram of the Electron-Doped Cuprate Superconductors

We investigate the phase diagram of the electron-doped systems in high-Tc cuprates. We calculate the superconducting transition temperature Tc, the antiferromagnetic transition temperature TN, the NMR relaxation rate 1/T1 with the antiferromagnetic fluctuations in the fluctuation-exchange (FLEX) approximation and with the superconducting fluctuations in the self-consistent t-matrix approximation. Obtained phase diagram has common features as those in the hole-doped systems, including the antiferromagnetic state, the superconducting state and the spin gap phenomenon. Doping-dependences of TN, Tc and Tsg (spin gap temperature) are, however, different with those in the hole-doped systems. These differences are due to the intrinsic nature of the ingap states which are intimately related with the Zhang-Rice singlets in the hole-doped systems and are correlated d-electrons in the electron-doped systems, respectively, which has been shown in the d-p model.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Phase separation and valence instabilities in cuprate superconductors. Effective one-band model approach

We study the Cu-O valence instability (VI) and the related phase separation (PS) driven by Cu-O nearest-neighbor repulsion $U_{pd}$, using an effective extended one-band Hubbard model ($H_{eff}$) obtained from the extended three-bandHubbard model, through an appropriate low-energy reduction. $H_{eff}$ is solved by exact diagonalization of a square cluster with 10 unit cells and also within a slave-boson mean-field theory. Its parameters depend on doping for $U_{pd}\neq 0$ or on-site O repulsion $U_p\neq 0$. The results using both techniques coincide in that there is neither VI nor PS for doping levels $x<0.5$ if $U_{pd}\lesssim 2$ eV. The PS region begins for $U_{pd}\gtrsim 2$ eV at large doping $x>0.6$ and increases with increasing $U_{pd}$. The PS also increases with increasing on-site Cu repulsion $U_d$.Comment: 16 pages and 10 figures in postscript format, compressed with uufile

Anomalous Transport Phenomena in Fermi Liquids with Strong Magnetic Fluctuations

In many strongly correlated electron systems, remarkable violation of the relaxation time approximation (RTA) is observed. The most famous example would be high-Tc superconductors (HTSCs), and similar anomalous transport phenomena have been observed in metals near their antiferromagnetic (AF) quantum critical point (QCP). Here, we develop a transport theory involving resistivity and Hall coefficient on the basis of the microscopic Fermi liquid theory, by considering the current vertex correction (CVC). In nearly AF Fermi liquids, the CVC accounts for the significant enhancements in the Hall coefficient, magnetoresistance, thermoelectric power, and Nernst coefficient in nearly AF metals. According to the numerical study, aspects of anomalous transport phenomena in HTSC are explained in a unified way by considering the CVC, without introducing any fitting parameters; this strongly supports the idea that HTSCs are Fermi liquids with strong AF fluctuations. In addition, the striking \omega-dependence of the AC Hall coefficient and the remarkable effects of impurities on the transport coefficients in HTSCs appear to fit naturally into the present theory. The present theory also explains very similar anomalous transport phenomena occurring in CeCoIn5 and CeRhIn5, which is a heavy-fermion system near the AF QCP, and in the organic superconductor \kappa-(BEDT-TTF).Comment: 100 pages, Rep. Prog. Phys. 71, 026501 (2008