Brown howler monkey: alouatta guariba Humboldt, 1812

Alouatta guariba is endemic to the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil and northeast Argentina. In the south, its distribution is limited by the Camaquã river basin (Printes et al. 2001) and to the north by the Paraguaçu river in the state of Bahia (Gregorin 2006; Neves et al. 2018). The western boundary is marked by the limits of the Atlantic Forest. It occurs in the Brazilian states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (Mendes et al. 2008, Bicca-Marques et al. 2018). In Argentina the species is limited to the province of Misiones (Agostini et al. 2017).Fil: Buss, Gerson. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação dos Primatas; BrasilFil: Oklander, Luciana Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Bicca Marques, Júlio César. Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Parana. Escola de Ciencias Da Vida.; BrasilFil: Hirano, Zelinda B.. Universidade Regional de Blumenau; BrasilFil: Chaves, Oscar M.. Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Parana. Escola de Ciencias Da Vida.; BrasilFil: Mendes, Sergio L.. Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica; BrasilFil: Neves, Leonardo G.. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; BrasilFil: Melo, Fabiano R.. Universidade Federal de Viçosa.; BrasilFil: Rylands, Anthony B.. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados UnidosFil: Jerusalinsky, Leandro. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação dos Primatas Brasileiros; Brasi

Human migration and the spread of malaria parasites to the New World

We examined the mitogenomes of a large global collection of human malaria parasites to explore how and when Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax entered the Americas. We found evidence of a significant contribution of African and South Asian lineages to present-day New World malaria parasites with additional P. vivax lineages appearing to originate from Melanesia that were putatively carried by the Australasian peoples who contributed genes to Native Americans. Importantly, mitochondrial lineages of the P. vivax-like species P. simium are shared by platyrrhine monkeys and humans in the Atlantic Forest ecosystem, but not across the Amazon, which most likely resulted from one or a few recent human-to-monkey transfers. While enslaved Africans were likely the main carriers of P. falciparum mitochondrial lineages into the Americas after the conquest, additional parasites carried by Australasian peoples in pre-Columbian times may have contributed to the extensive diversity of extant local populations of P. vivax

Yellow fever threatens Atlantic Forest primates

Emerging infectious diseases were cited as a cause of population decline of wild nonhuman primates (NHPs) by A. Estrada and collaborators in their review “Impending extinction crisis of the world’s primates” (Science Advances, 18 January, e1600946). Concurrent with the publication of this review, an epidemic of jungle yellow fever (YF) in the Atlantic Forest region of southeastern Brazil is affecting humans and NHPs alike, challenging health and wildlife conservation authorities and professionals. From December 2016 to 18 May 2017, YF has killed 264 people (42 additional deaths are under investigation) and caused, at least, 5,000 NHP deaths (1). Our field estimates sum many thousands of NHP deaths. Humans have access to an effective vaccine and about 85% of infected unvaccinated people are asymptomatic or develop a mild form of YF (2). Despite this resistance, there are 758 confirmed human cases and a further 622 cases under investigation, about 63% of them in regions of recommended vaccination prior to the current epidemic.Fil: Bicca Marques, Julio Cesar. Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Rio Grande Do Sul. Facultad de Biociencias; BrasilFil: Calegaro Marques, Claudia. Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Rio Grande Do Sul. Facultad de Biociencias; BrasilFil: Rylands, Anthony. Conservation International; Estados UnidosFil: Strier, Karen B.. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Mittermeier, Russel. Conservation International; Estados UnidosFil: De Almeida, Marco Antonio. Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: De Castro, Paulo Henrique. Centro Nacional de Primatas; BrasilFil: Chaves, Oscar M.. Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Rio Grande Do Sul. Facultad de Biociencias; BrasilFil: Ferraz, Luis P.. Associação Mico leão dourado; BrasilFil: Fortes, Vanessa B.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Hirano, Zelinda M. B.. Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau; BrasilFil: Jerusalinsky, Leandro. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa E Conservação de Primatas B; BrasilFil: Kowalewski, Miguel Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples (Sede Corrientes); ArgentinaFil: Martins, Wadney P.. Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros; BrasilFil: De Melo, Fabiano. Universidade Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: Mendes, Sergio L.. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Neves, Leonardo G.. Instituto Uiraçu; BrasilFil: Passos,Fernando C.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Port Carvalho, Marcio. Instituto Florestal, Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ribeiro, Soraya. Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente e Sustentabilidad; BrasilFil: Romano, Alessandro. Universidade do Brasília; BrasilFil: Ruiz Miranda, Carlos. Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro; BrasilFil: Dos Santos, Elisandro O.. Zoológico Municipal de canoas; BrasilFil: De Souza Jr, Julio Cesar. Centro de Pesquisas Biológicas de Indaial; BrasilFil: Teixeira, Danilo S.. Universidade do Brasília; Brasi