運動スキル学習を通じた協調的な手指運動の獲得

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(学術)Doctor of Philosophydoctora

Passive anaphylaxis and IgE antibody production are compromised in tumor necrosis factor- and in granulocyte–macrophage colony stimulating factor-deficient mice

ABSTRACTBackgroundA number of recent studies has demonstrated a critical role for mast cells and mast cell-derived cytokines, especially tumour necrosis factor (TNF), in the control of host defense mechanisms during inflammation. In the presesnt study, we investigated whether TNF-deficient (TNF−/−) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-deficient (GM-CSF−/−) mice expressed defects in normal mast cell function.MethodsBecause the first step in the passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) reaction is fixation of the antibody to mast cells, we tried to obtain a PCA in TNF−/− and GM-CSF−/−mice.ResultsWhile an anti-dinitrophenyl IgE monoclonal antibody induced a strong PCA reaction in wild-type mice, it was not possible to obtain a PCA reaction in either TNF−/− or GM-CSF−/− mice. We next examined whether mast cells were present in these mice and if so, did they have functional FcεRI receptors on their surface. The number of mast cells in smears from the peritoneal fluid of the TNF−/− and GM-CSF−/− mice was similar to that seen in wild-type mice. However, the expression of FcεRI on mast cells from the peritoneal fluid of TNF−/− and GM-CSF−/− mice, measured by either rosetting assay or FACScan analysis, was compromised compared with wild-type mice. Previous studies have established that defects in FCεRI expression often have found that IgE production was compromised in both TNF−/− and GM-CSF−/− mice.ConclusionsThe observed defects may partially explain the immunodeficiency of these cytokine-deficient animals during infection

An Attention-based Approach to Hierarchical Multi-label Music Instrument Classification

Although music is typically multi-label, many works have studied hierarchical music tagging with simplified settings such as single-label data. Moreover, there lacks a framework to describe various joint training methods under the multi-label setting. In order to discuss the above topics, we introduce hierarchical multi-label music instrument classification task. The task provides a realistic setting where multi-instrument real music data is assumed. Various hierarchical methods that jointly train a DNN are summarized and explored in the context of the fusion of deep learning and conventional techniques. For the effective joint training in the multi-label setting, we propose two methods to model the connection between fine- and coarse-level tags, where one uses rule-based grouped max-pooling, the other one uses the attention mechanism obtained in a data-driven manner. Our evaluation reveals that the proposed methods have advantages over the method without joint training. In addition, the decision procedure within the proposed methods can be interpreted by visualizing attention maps or referring to fixed rules.Comment: To appear at ICASSP 202

Electronic Structure and Electron Correlation in LaFeAsO_{1-x}F_x and LaFePO_{1-x}F_x

Photoemission spectroscopy is used to investigate the electronic structure of the newly discovered iron-based superconductors LaFeAsO_{1-x}F_x and LaFePO_{1-x}F_x. Line shapes of the Fe 2p core-level spectra suggest an itinerant character of Fe 3d electrons. The valence-band spectra are generally consistent with band-structure calculations except for the shifts of Fe 3d-derived peaks toward the Fermi level. From spectra taken in the Fe 3p -> 3d core-absorption region, we have obtained the experimental Fe 3d partial density of states, and explained it in terms of a band-structure calculation with a phenomenological self-energy correction, yielding a mass renormalization factor of ~< 2.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Offshore-origin warm water inflows toward Totten Ice Shelf, East Antarctica

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OM] Polar Meteorology and Glaciology, Thu. 5 Dec. / 2F Auditorium , National Institute of Polar Researc

Discovery of the fish host of the ‘planktonic’ caligid Caligus undulatus Shen & Li, 1959 (Crustacea: Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida)

The siphonostomatoid copepod Caligus undulatus Shen & Li, 1959 has been widely reported from plankton samples obtained from neritic and oceanic waters off coasts of the Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Until now, its fish host has remained unknown. This copepod belongs to an intriguing group of congeners that, despite being part of a chiefly parasitic group, are consistently found as zooplankters. Quite unexpectedly, in October 2019, a fish host of C. undulatus was discovered in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan—namely, the Japanese sardinella Sardinella zunasi (Bleeker, 1854). Both juvenile (chalimus) and adult individuals of this caligid were observed as parasites of the fish host. The discovery suggests that the species has an alternative life cycle as previously proposed for other purportedly ‘planktonic’ congeners and might frequently switch hosts during the adult stage. Thus, the C. undulatus group is newly proposed as a species group in the genus, in which five species are known as planktonic. Some hypotheses on the modified life cycle of caligids also briefly discussed

Evidence for Spin–Orbit Alignment in the TRAPPIST-1 System

In an effort to measure the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect for the TRAPPIST-1 system, we performed high-resolution spectroscopy during transits of planets e, f, and b. The spectra were obtained with the InfraRed Doppler spectrograph on the Subaru 8.2 m telescope, and were supplemented with simultaneous photometry obtained with a 1 m telescope of the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope. By analyzing the anomalous radial velocities, we found the projected stellar obliquity to be λ = 1 ± 28° under the assumption that the three planets have coplanar orbits, although we caution that the radial-velocity data show correlated noise of unknown origin. We also sought evidence for the expected deformations of the stellar absorption lines, and thereby detected the "Doppler shadow" of planet b with a false-alarm probability of 1.7%. The joint analysis of the observed residual cross-correlation map including the three transits gave λ = 19_(-15)^(+13)°. These results indicate that the the TRAPPIST-1 star is not strongly misaligned with the common orbital plane of the planets, although further observations are encouraged to verify this conclusion

Assessment of Lower-limb Vascular Endothelial Function Based on Enclosed Zone Flow-mediated Dilation

This paper proposes a novel non-invasive method for assessing the vascular endothelial function of lower-limb arteries based on the dilation rate of air-cuff plethysmograms measured using the oscillometric approach. The principle of evaluating vascular endothelial function involves flow-mediated dilation. In the study conducted, blood flow in the dorsal pedis artery was first monitored while lower-limb cuff pressure was applied using the proposed system. The results showed blood flow was interrupted when the level of pressure was at least 50 mmHg higher than the subject’s lower-limb systolic arterial pressure and that blood flow velocity increased after cuff release. Next, values of the proposed index, %ezFMDL, for assessing the vascular endothelial function of lower-limb arteries were determined from 327 adult subjects: 87 healthy subjects, 150 subjects at high risk of arteriosclerosis and 90 patients with cardiovascular disease (CAD). The mean values and standard deviations calculated using %ezFMDL were 30.5 ± 12.0% for the healthy subjects, 23.6 ± 12.7% for subjects at high risk of arteriosclerosis and 14.5 ± 15.4% for patients with CAD. The %ezFMDL values for the subjects at high risk of arteriosclerosis and the patients with CAD were significantly lower than those for the healthy subjects (p < 0.01). The proposed method may have potential for clinical application.This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16K21076