Christopher Simpson The Division-Viol, or The Art of PLAYING Ex tempore upon a GROUND. EDITIO SECVNDA Part III "The Method of ordering Division to a Ground" (1)

本訳稿はChristopher Simpson (1605頃－1669) 著 The Division-Viol, or, The Art of PLAYING Ex tempore upon a GROUND. DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS. EDITIO SECVNDA, London, 1665 のPart III "The Method of ordering Division to a Ground" より§1～§6(pp.27-40)の全訳である

Christopher Simpson The Division-Viol, or The Art of PLAYING Ex tempore upon a GROUND. EDITIO SECVNDA Part III "The Method of ordering Division to a Ground" (2)

本訳稿はChristopher Simpson (1605頃－1669) 著 The Division-Viol, or, The Art of PLAYING Ex tempore upon a GROUND. DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS. EDITIO SECVNDA, London, 1665 のPart III "The Method of ordering Division to a Ground" より§7～§12(pp.42-56)の全訳である

Luminescence properties of ZnO-M heterostructures fabricated by galvanic-submerged photosynthesis of crystallites

By adapting hetero-nanostructures in optoelectronic device, a prominent luminescence characteristic can be obtained. The challenge is to engineer the band bending if a semiconducting surface gets contact with a metal. A galvanic replacement method is versatile for bimetallic hetero-nanostructures synthesis. However, the nanostructures morphologies can be varied depending on the metals pair or their supporting template. In this study, we demonstrate a facile 1-D ZnO nanorods (NRs) growth fabricated by galvanic replacement reactions. Without using bimetallic solution, the galvanic replacement reaction was implemented by joining Zn metal to Au, Pt, Ag, Cu, W, and Ni metals substrate. The luminescence properties of ZnO NRs were characterized by photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM-CL). Based on PL analysis result, oxygen vacancy (V-O) was responsible for the visible light region emission in all ZnO-M samples. Then, STEM-CL analysis highlighted the presence of zinc interstitial (Zn-i) at the interface of ZnO-M. Due to band bending, interaction between V-O and Zn-i resulted the formation of zinc antisite (Zn-O) at the interface. There was no shift in visible light emission of the NRs due to Fermi-level pinning. The findings will be useful for future large-scale synthesis and engineering of hetero-nanostructures luminescent devices

Galvanic-submerged photosynthesis of crystallites: Fabrication of ZnO nanorods@ Cu-surface

In this study, we report a facile fabrication method of 1-D ZnO nanorods (NRs) on a copper substrate surface by means of galvanic contact reactions. Instead of using bimetallic aqueous solution for the galvanic reactions, UV illumination on the Zn contacted with Cu surface in pure water environment was implemented, leading to galvanic combined submerged photo-synthesis of crystallites (G-SPSC) process. A pencil-like and flat-tip shape of NRs growth can be controlled as a function of UV irradiation time. In order to grow fine NRs, the galvanic process was essential for Zn2+ and OH-ions production. In particular, OH-accumulated at the vicinity surface of Cu to achieve a locally alkaline environment. Then, UV irradiation assisted the ZnO NRs initiated by water splitting process. Oxygen vacancy (V-O) was responsible for the growth of pencil-like shape NRs. A blue shift in visible light region of photoluminescence (PL) spectra was observed when the pencil-like NRs transformed into flat-tip shape. The successful heterojunction of ZnO-Cu also was observed in their PL spectra, which dictated by the formation of zinc antisite (ZnO). The G-SPSC method approach is versatile for other bimetallic system adaptation and is promising for large-scale environmentally friendly synthesis of optoelectronic devices

Identification of novel endogenous antisense transcripts by DNA microarray analysis targeting complementary strand of annotated genes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Recent transcriptomic analyses in mammals have uncovered the widespread occurrence of endogenous antisense transcripts, termed natural antisense transcripts (NATs). NATs are transcribed from the opposite strand of the gene locus and are thought to control sense gene expression, but the mechanism of such regulation is as yet unknown. Although several thousand potential sense-antisense pairs have been identified in mammals, examples of functionally characterized NATs remain limited. To identify NAT candidates suitable for further functional analyses, we performed DNA microarray-based NAT screening using mouse adult normal tissues and mammary tumors to target not only the sense orientation but also the complementary strand of the annotated genes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>First, we designed microarray probes to target the complementary strand of genes for which an antisense counterpart had been identified only in human public cDNA sources, but not in the mouse. We observed a prominent expression signal from 66.1% of 635 target genes, and 58 genes of these showed tissue-specific expression. Expression analyses of selected examples (<it>Acaa1b </it>and <it>Aard</it>) confirmed their dynamic transcription <it>in vivo</it>. Although interspecies conservation of NAT expression was previously investigated by the presence of cDNA sources in both species, our results suggest that there are more examples of human-mouse conserved NATs that could not be identified by cDNA sources. We also designed probes to target the complementary strand of well-characterized genes, including oncogenes, and compared the expression of these genes between mammary cancerous tissues and non-pathological tissues. We found that antisense expression of 95 genes of 404 well-annotated genes was markedly altered in tumor tissue compared with that in normal tissue and that 19 of these genes also exhibited changes in sense gene expression. These results highlight the importance of NAT expression in the regulation of cellular events and in pathological conditions.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our microarray platform targeting the complementary strand of annotated genes successfully identified novel NATs that could not be identified by publically available cDNA data, and as such could not be detected by the usual "sense-targeting" microarray approach. Differentially expressed NATs monitored by this platform may provide candidates for investigations of gene function. An advantage of our microarray platform is that it can be applied to any genes and target samples of interest.</p

In-hospital blood collection increases the rate of indeterminate results in interferon-gamma release assays

Background: The interferon (IFN)-γ release assay (IGRA) has recently been established as a method to evaluate the infection status of tuberculosis instead of the tuberculin skin test. However, indeterminate results can create challenges to interpretation. The IGRA has been available in Japan since 2005, including the recently launched QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-plus) assay. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and predictors of indeterminate results by the QFT-plus test in routine practice. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 1258 patients. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to investigate the clinical factors related to indeterminate results by the QFT-plus. Results: Overall, 91.8% of results were found to be conclusive and 8.2% were indeterminate. The QFT-plus indeterminate results were predominantly due to a low level of IFN-γ production by mitogens. Multivariate analysis indicated that an indeterminate result was significantly associated with age, sex, corticosteroid use, autoimmune disease, and inpatient setting. Conclusion: Certain types of individuals are at higher risk of an indeterminate IGRA result. The QFT-plus test for hospitalized patients should be avoided as much as possible, and it is better to perform the test for those patients in outpatient settings