8,827 research outputs found
The interplay between obesity and cancer: a fly view
Accumulating epidemiological evidence indicates a strong clinical association between obesity and an increased risk of cancer. The global pandemic of obesity indicates a public health trend towards a substantial increase in cancer incidence and mortality. However, the mechanisms that link obesity to cancer remain incompletely understood. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been increasingly used to model an expanding spectrum of human diseases. Fly models provide a genetically simpler system that is ideal for use as a first step towards dissecting disease interactions. Recently, the combining of fly models of diet-induced obesity with models of cancer has provided a novel model system in which to study the biological mechanisms that underlie the connections between obesity and cancer. In this Review, I summarize recent advances, made using Drosophila, in our understanding of the interplay between diet, obesity, insulin resistance and cancer. I also discuss how the biological mechanisms and therapeutic targets that have been identified in fly studies could be utilized to develop preventative interventions and treatment strategies for obesityassociated cancers
Similarity between nuclear rainbow and meteorological rainbow -- evidence for nuclear ripples
We present evidence for the nuclear ripples superimposed on the Airy
structure of the nuclear rainbow, which is similar to the meteorological
rainbow. The mechanism of the nuclear ripples is also similar to that of the
meteorological rainbow, which is caused by the interference between the
externally reflective waves and refractive waves. The nuclear ripple structure
was confirmed by analyzing the elastic angular distribution in
O+C rainbow scattering at =115.9 MeV using the coupled
channels method by taking account of coupling to the excited states of C
and O with a double folding model derived from a density-dependent
effective nucleon-nucleon force with realistic wave functions for C and
O. The coupling to the excited states plays the role of creating the
external reflection.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Evidence for a secondary bow in Newton's zero-order nuclear rainbow
Rainbows are generally considered to be caused by static refraction and
reflection. A primary and a secondary rainbow appear due to refraction and
internal reflection in a raindrop as explained by Newton. The quantum nuclear
rainbow, which is generated by refraction in the nucleus droplet, only has a
"primary" rainbow. Here we show for the first time evidence for the existence
of a secondary nuclear rainbow generated dynamically by coupling to an excited
state without internal reflection. This has been demonstrated for experimental
O+C scattering using the coupled channel method with an extended
double folding potential derived from microscopic realistic wave functions for
C and O.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Production Spectra of He(, ) Reactions with Continuum Discretized Coupled Channels
We investigate theoretically production spectra of He(,
) reactions at 1.05--1.20 GeV/ in the distorted-wave impulse
approximation, using the continuum-discretized coupled-channel method. The
production cross section of a H(1/2) ground state is also
discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures; contribution to the Proceedings of the 8th
International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics (QNP2018), Tsukuba,
November 13-17, 201
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