Comparison of <i>Anaplasma marginal and Theileria ovis</i> prevalence in in blood samples of cattle collected from Bajaur district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

% prevalence of each pathogen is given in parenthesis. P–value in each column indicates the results of Chi-square test calculated for a particular pathogen while p value in row is for the overall study.</p

Tams-1 sequences alignment from Theileria annulata isolates amplified from Pakistani cattle and the sequences deposited in GenBank from various parts of world.

Dashes indicate the conserved nucleotide positions. The positions with substitutions in DNA sequence of Theileria annulata are represented by different colored nucleotides. (JPG)</p

Map of Pakistan with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province having boarders with Afghanistan at district Bajaur is highlighted in light pink color.

While sampling sites are highlighted with yellow circles in magnified map of Distict Bajaur. ArcGIS 10.7.1 version was used for mapping. Shape files were downloaded from the link (https://www.diva-gis.org/gdata) and maps were saved in tiff format.</p

Comparison of <i>Theileria annulata</i> and <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> prevalence in blood samples of cattle collected from various locations in Bajaur district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

N represents the total number of cattle samples collected during present study % Prevalence of each pathogen is given in parenthesis. P-value represents the results of one-way ANOVA test calculated for studied parameter.</p

MEGA-X program utilizing maximum likelihood tree based on kimura-2 parameter model was used for the multiple alignments of partial <i>msp5</i> sequences from <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> isolated in this study and those available in GenBank from other countries around the world.

Anaplasma ovis (CP015994 and HM195102) and Anaplasma centrale (AY054384) msp5 gene were used as an out group. The three new sequences of Anaplasma marginale obtained are highlighted in green box. Scale bar represents 0.20 substitutions per nucleotide position. Bootstrap value is shown as number on each node.</p

Association of <i>Theileria annulata</i> and <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> prevalence with the studied epidemiological parameters describing cattle characters enrolled during the present study from Bajaur District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

N represents the total number of cattle samples collected. % Prevalence of each pathogen is given in parenthesis. P-value represents the results of Fischer Exact test calculated for studied parameter.</p

Msp5 sequences alignment from Anaplasma marginale isolates amplified from Pakistani cattle and the sequences deposited in GenBank from various parts of world.

Dashes indicate the conserved nucleotide positions. The positions with substitutions in DNA sequence of various Anaplasma spp. are represented by different colored nucleotides. (JPG)</p

MEGA-X program utilizing maximum likelihood tree based on kimura-2 parameter model was used for the multiple alignments of partial <i>Tams-1</i> sequences from <i>Theileria annulata</i> isolated in this study and those available in GenBank from other countries around the world.

Theileria lestoquardi (AJ006447) and Theileria parva (L47209 and XM761484) Tams-1 gene were used as an out group. The three new sequences of Anaplasma marginale obtained are highlighted in green box. Scale bar represents 0.50 substitutions per nucleotide position. Bootstrap value is shown as number on each node.</p

Comparison of Theileria annulata and Anaplasma marginale prevalence in blood samples of various cattle breeds enrolled from Bajaur district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

N represents the total number of cattle samples collected during present study. % Prevalence of each pathogen is given in parenthesis. P-value represents the results of one-way ANOVA test calculated for studied parameter. (DOCX)</p