A RESEARCH TO ASSESS THE DIET AND ITS ASSOCIATED DISORDERS: DA VINCI'S DINING DISCIPLINE

In scientific history, there is a lot of evidence regarding diet as the source of disorders. The diet of our forefather is always interesting. This research was carried out at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore (September 2017 to July 2018). Leonardo da Vinci, considered universally, was a “universal genius”. His basic rules of eating habit are explained in this research study. The excess habit of eating should be avoided. There should be tasted, good smelling and good-looking food along with “Dining discipline”. The food rich in water should be used and saturated fat, sugar and salt consumption should be less. Da Vinci eating habits include fibre-rich, fresh and vegetation food. Keywords: Diabetes, Hypertension, Metabolic Syndrome, Nutrition and Obesity

In vitro biological assessment of 1,3,4-oxadiazole sandwiched by azinane and acetamides supported by molecular docking and BSA binding studies

The 1,3,4-Oxadiazole is an aromatic heterocyclic moiety recognized in drug research for its low lipophilicity. The multiple functionalities, heterocyclic azinane, sulfonamide, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and acetamide, are combined collectively to enhance the bioactivity potential of synthesized molecules. All the compounds were acquired by following microwave assisted and conventional techniques in a comparative way. The synthesized derivatives were screened for their antibacterial and enzyme inhibition potential. Furthermore, BSA binding analysis was executed to infer about the interaction with serum albumin. The spectral data of IR, EI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR were used to elucidate the final structures of compounds. The synthesized compounds had a modest antibacterial potential. Compound 8f bearing 2-methyl-4,5-dinitrophenyl group was the most active one against all the bacterial strains taken into account and α-glucosidase enzyme. Compound 8d bearing 4-nitrophenyl group was the best acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor and 8i bearing phenylethyl group was the best urease inhibitor

Parental Role in Recognition, Prevention and First Aid Management of Foreign Body Aspiration amongst Children

Background: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a commonly observed, fatal but preventable condition in children. To reduce the incidence of FBA, it is essential to provide parents with knowledge and guidelines regarding the prevention and management of FBA. Objectives: To assess parental knowledge and parental role in the prevention and first aid management of foreign body aspiration in children. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Mayo Hospital, Lahore from January 2019 to September 2019. After IRB approval and informed consent, 151 parents were enrolled through convenient sampling. Data were recorded in a structured questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS version 26. Results: Breathlessness and vomiting were recognized as symptoms of FBA by 49.7% & 7.3% of parents respectively. Hand clutched to throat, color & voice change were recognized as signs by 6.6 %, 9.9 % &10.6 % of the parents. As a first aid measure, 66.2% of individuals knew about back slaps, while only 2% were aware of abdominal thrusts. Literate parents were well aware of the facts that children under the age of three should not consume seeds, hazelnuts, and hard nuts and the child should not laugh or talk while eating compared to illiterate parents (p<0.05) Conclusion: The majority of the parents are not well aware of signs, symptoms, preventive measures and first aid measurements regarding FBA

On some bounds of the topological indices of generalized Sierpiński and extended Sierpiński graphs

Abstract Sierpiński graphs are extensively studied graphs of fractal nature with applications in topology, mathematics of Tower of Hanoi and computer science. The generalized Sierpiński graphs are defined by replication of exactly the same graph, yielding self-similar graph. Certain graph invariants referred to as topological indices are used to determine a large number of properties like physico-chemical properties, thermodynamic properties, chemical activity and biological activity of chemical graphs. In QSAR/QSPR study, these graph invariants play a vital role. In this article, we study the topological indices of generalized Sierpiński and extended Sierpiński graphs with an arbitrary base graph. We obtain bounds for the atom-bond connectivity index, harmonic index, Zagreb indices and sum-connectivity index for the generalized Sierpiński graphs and extended Sierpiński graphs

Detection of Non-Technical Losses Using SOSTLink and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit to Secure Smart Meters

Energy consumption is increasing exponentially with the increase in electronic gadgets. Losses occur during generation, transmission, and distribution. The energy demand leads to increase in electricity theft (ET) in distribution side. Data analysis is the process of assessing the data using different analytical and statistical tools to extract useful information. Fluctuation in energy consumption patterns indicates electricity theft. Utilities bear losses of millions of dollar every year. Hardware-based solutions are considered to be the best; however, the deployment cost of these solutions is high. Software-based solutions are data-driven and cost-effective. We need big data for analysis and artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques. Several solutions have been proposed in existing studies; however, low detection performance and high false positive rate are the major issues. In this paper, we first time employ bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit for ET detection for classification using real time-series data. We also propose a new scheme, which is a combination of oversampling technique Synthetic Minority Oversampling TEchnique (SMOTE) and undersampling technique Tomek Link: &ldquo;Smote Over Sampling Tomik Link (SOSTLink) sampling technique&rdquo;. The Kernel Principal Component Analysis is used for feature extraction. In order to evaluate the proposed model&rsquo;s performance, five performance metrics are used, including precision, recall, F1-score, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and receiver operating characteristic curve. Experiments show that our proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques: logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, support vector machine, convolutional neural network, long short-term memory, hybrid of multilayer perceptron and convolutional neural network

Structural and functional analysis of pullulanase type 1 (PulA) from Geobacillus thermopakistaniensis

Pullulanase type I (PulA) is a debranching enzyme that specifically cleaves α-1,6-glycosidic linkages in pullulan. Pullulan has not only diverse applications in food industry but also has immune-stimulatory effects on B and T cells, and found to enhance the production of various anti-inflammatory cytokines in human. Moreover, pullulan has been suggested as a possible anti-cancer drug delivery agent without adjuvant due to its unique structure. The process of pullulan degradation is unresolved due to imprecise pullulanase structural characteristics. Therefore, the present study aimed to understand the structural and functional characteristics of pullulanase enzyme from\ua0Geobacillus thermopakistaniensis MAS1 strain using various computational approaches. The physio-chemical topographies and secondary structure of GT_PulA were explored using ProPram, InterPro and SMART. Various tools like I-TASSER, ModRefiner, RAMPAGE, PROCHECK and MOE 2009.10 were used to construct and verify the 3D structural model. The structural elucidation confirmed the significant domains, i.e., CBM48, CBM2, and TIM barrel having catalytically active residues, and conserved region YNGWDP. CBM2 domain along with TIM barrel has a capacity to bind different ligands and proved favorable for multiple substrate catalyses. These structural properties can have a potential effect on enhancing enzymatic activity of GT_PulA enzyme