7 research outputs found
P4‐368: Pre‐Statistical Harmonization Of Cognitive Measures Across Six Population‐Based Cohorts: Aric, Cardia, Chs, Fhs, Mesa, And Nomas
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153227/1/alzjjalz201807192.pd
Pre-Statistical Considerations for Harmonization of Cognitive Instruments: Harmonization of ARIC, CARDIA, CHS, FHS, MESA, and NOMAS.
BackgroundMeta-analyses of individuals' cognitive data are increasing to investigate the biomedical, lifestyle, and sociocultural factors that influence cognitive decline and dementia risk. Pre-statistical harmonization of cognitive instruments is a critical methodological step for accurate cognitive data harmonization, yet specific approaches for this process are unclear.ObjectiveTo describe pre-statistical harmonization of cognitive instruments for an individual-level meta-analysis in the blood pressure and cognition (BP COG) study.MethodsWe identified cognitive instruments from six cohorts (the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, Framingham Offspring Study, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and Northern Manhattan Study) and conducted an extensive review of each item's administration and scoring procedures, and score distributions.ResultsWe included 153 cognitive instrument items from 34 instruments across the six cohorts. Of these items, 42%were common across ≥2 cohorts. 86%of common items showed differences across cohorts. We found administration, scoring, and coding differences for seemingly equivalent items. These differences corresponded to variability across cohorts in score distributions and ranges. We performed data augmentation to adjust for differences.ConclusionCross-cohort administration, scoring, and procedural differences for cognitive instruments are frequent and need to be assessed to address potential impact on meta-analyses and cognitive data interpretation. Detecting and accounting for these differences is critical for accurate attributions of cognitive health across cohort studies
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Sex Differences in Cognitive Decline Among US Adults
Sex differences in dementia risk are unclear, but some studies have found greater risk for women.
To determine associations between sex and cognitive decline in order to better understand sex differences in dementia risk.
This cohort study used pooled analysis of individual participant data from 5 cohort studies for years 1971 to 2017: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, Framingham Offspring Study, and Northern Manhattan Study. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate changes in each continuous cognitive outcome over time by sex. Data analysis was completed from March 2019 to October 2020.
Sex.
The primary outcome was change in global cognition. Secondary outcomes were change in memory and executive function. Outcomes were standardized as t scores (mean [SD], 50 [10]); a 1-point difference represents a 0.1-SD difference in cognition.
Among 34 349 participants, 26 088 who self-reported Black or White race, were free of stroke and dementia, and had covariate data at or before the first cognitive assessment were included for analysis. Median (interquartile range) follow-up was 7.9 (5.3-20.5) years. There were 11 775 (44.7%) men (median [interquartile range] age, 58 [51-66] years at first cognitive assessment; 2229 [18.9%] Black) and 14 313 women (median [interquartile range] age, 58 [51-67] years at first cognitive assessment; 3636 [25.4%] Black). Women had significantly higher baseline performance than men in global cognition (2.20 points higher; 95% CI, 2.04 to 2.35 points; P < .001), executive function (2.13 points higher; 95% CI, 1.98 to 2.29 points; P < .001), and memory (1.89 points higher; 95% CI, 1.72 to 2.06 points; P < .001). Compared with men, women had significantly faster declines in global cognition (-0.07 points/y faster; 95% CI, -0.08 to -0.05 points/y; P < .001) and executive function (-0.06 points/y faster; 95% CI, -0.07 to -0.05 points/y; P < .001). Men and women had similar declines in memory (-0.004 points/y faster; 95% CI, -0.023 to 0.014; P = .61).
The results of this cohort study suggest that women may have greater cognitive reserve but faster cognitive decline than men, which could contribute to sex differences in late-life dementia
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Abstract WP495: Sex Differences in Cognitive Decline: A Pooled Cohort Analysis of ARIC, CARDIA, CHS, FOS, NOMAS
Background:
Sex differences in dementia risk are unclear but some have found greater risk for women. We hypothesized that women have greater cognitive decline than men, after adjusting for potential confounders.
Objective:
Determine associations between sex and cognitive decline.
Methods:
We pooled data from 19,378 participants free of stroke and dementia (mean [SD] age 59.8 [10.4] years at first cognitive assessment), of whom 8,654 (44.7%) were men and 3,852 (19.9%) were black, from 5 longitudinal cohorts between 1971 and 2017: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, Framingham Offspring Study, and Northern Manhattan Study. The primary outcome was change in global cognition. Secondary outcomes were change in memory and executive function. Linear mixed-effects models measured changes in each continuous cognitive outcome over time by sex, adjusted for demographics, education, vascular risk factors, and age*follow-up time, race*follow-up time, systolic blood pressure*follow-up time, and use of antihypertensive medication*follow-up time interaction terms. Cognitive outcomes were set to a t-score metric (mean 50, standard deviation [SD] 10) at a participant’s first cognitive assessment; a 1-point difference represents a 0.1 SD difference in the distribution of cognition across the 5 cohorts. Median follow-up was 12.4 (IQR: 5.9, 21.0) years.
Results:
Women had significantly higher baseline performance than men in global cognition, executive function, and memory (adjusted differences in intercepts, 2.09 to 2.15 points; all P<0.001) (
Figure
). Compared with men, women had significantly faster declines in global cognition, executive function, and memory (adjusted differences in slopes, 0.04 to 0.06 points per year faster;
P
<0.001) (
Figure
).
Conclusion:
These results are consistent with women having greater cognitive reserve but faster cognitive decline than men
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Association Between Blood Pressure and Later-Life Cognition Among Black and White Individuals
Black individuals are more likely than white individuals to develop dementia. Whether higher blood pressure (BP) levels in black individuals explain differences between black and white individuals in dementia risk is uncertain.
To determine whether cumulative BP levels explain racial differences in cognitive decline.
Individual participant data from 5 cohorts (January 1971 to December 2017) were pooled from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, Framingham Offspring Study, and Northern Manhattan Study. Outcomes were standardized as t scores (mean [SD], 50 [10]); a 1-point difference represented a 0.1-SD difference in cognition. The median (interquartile range) follow-up was 12.4 (5.9-21.0) years. Analysis began September 2018.
The primary outcome was change in global cognition, and secondary outcomes were change in memory and executive function.
Race (black vs white).
Among 34 349 participants, 19 378 individuals who were free of stroke and dementia and had longitudinal BP, cognitive, and covariate data were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) age at first cognitive assessment was 59.8 (10.4) years and ranged from 5 to 95 years. Of 19 378 individuals, 10 724 (55.3%) were female and 15 526 (80.1%) were white. Compared with white individuals, black individuals had significantly faster declines in global cognition (-0.03 points per year faster [95% CI, -0.05 to -0.01]; P = .004) and memory (-0.08 points per year faster [95% CI, -0.11 to -0.06]; P < .001) but significantly slower declines in executive function (0.09 points per year slower [95% CI, 0.08-0.10]; P < .001). Time-dependent cumulative mean systolic BP level was associated with significantly faster declines in global cognition (-0.018 points per year faster per each 10-mm Hg increase [95% CI, -0.023 to -0.014]; P < .001), memory (-0.028 points per year faster per each 10-mm Hg increase [95% CI, -0.035 to -0.021]; P < .001), and executive function (-0.01 points per year faster per each 10-mm Hg increase [95% CI, -0.014 to -0.007]; P < .001). After adjusting for cumulative mean systolic BP, differences between black and white individuals in cognitive slopes were attenuated for global cognition (-0.01 points per year [95% CI, -0.03 to 0.01]; P = .56) and memory (-0.06 points per year [95% CI, -0.08 to -0.03]; P < .001) but not executive function (0.10 points per year [95% CI, 0.09-0.11]; P < .001).
These results suggest that black individuals' higher cumulative BP levels may contribute to racial differences in later-life cognitive decline