Numerical Simulations of N=(1,1) SYM{1+1} with Large Supersymmetry Breaking

We consider the $N=(1,1)$ SYM theory that is obtained by dimensionally reducing SYM theory in 2+1 dimensions to 1+1 dimensions and discuss soft supersymmetry breaking. We discuss the numerical simulation of this theory using SDLCQ when either the boson or the fermion has a large mass. We compare our result to the pure adjoint fermion theory and pure adjoint boson DLCQ calculations of Klebanov, Demeterfi, and Bhanot and of Kutasov. With a large boson mass we find that it is necessary to add additional operators to the theory to obtain sensible results. When a large fermion mass is added to the theory we find that it is not necessary to add operators to obtain a sensible theory. The theory of the adjoint boson is a theory that has stringy bound states similar to the full SYM theory. We also discuss another theory of adjoint bosons with a spectrum similar to that obtained by Klebanov, Demeterfi, and Bhanot.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

Simulation of Dimensionally Reduced SYM-Chern-Simons Theory

A supersymmetric formulation of a three-dimensional SYM-Chern-Simons theory using light-cone quantization is presented, and the supercharges are calculated in light-cone gauge. The theory is dimensionally reduced by requiring all fields to be independent of the transverse dimension. The result is a non-trivial two-dimensional supersymmetric theory with an adjoint scalar and an adjoint fermion. We perform a numerical simulation of this SYM-Chern-Simons theory in 1+1 dimensions using SDLCQ (Supersymmetric Discrete Light-Cone Quantization). We find that the character of the bound states of this theory is very different from previously considered two-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories. The low-energy bound states of this theory are very ``QCD-like.'' The wave functions of some of the low mass states have a striking valence structure. We present the valence and sea parton structure functions of these states. In addition, we identify BPS-like states which are almost independent of the coupling. Their masses are proportional to their parton number in the large-coupling limit.Comment: 18pp. 7 figures, uses REVTe

Asymptotically safe extensions of the Standard Model with flavour phenomenology

We investigate asymptotically safe extensions of the Standard Model with new matter fields arising in the TeV energy range. The new sector contains singlet scalars and vector-like fermions in representations which permit Yukawa interactions with the Standard Model leptons. Phenomenological implications are explored including charged lepton flavour violation, Drell-Yan processes and lepton anomalous magnetic moments. For the latter, we find that BSM contributions can be sizeable enough to explain the present experimental discrepancies of the electron and muon anomalous magnetic moments with the Standard Model.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Contribution to the 2019 EW session of the 54th Rencontres de Morion

Biotic indicators of carabid species richness on organically and conventionally managed arable fields

Carabids, a species rich arthropod family, potentially contribute much to biodiversity in agroecosystems, but assessing and monitoring carabid diversity is costly and time consuming. Therefore, this study aimed at finding more easily measurable parameters indicating high carabid diversity within organic and conventional management systems. Cover and number of weed species as well as activity density of single carabid species and of total carabids were investigated as potential indicators of carabid species richness. The study was carried out near Reckenfeld in Westphalia on sandy Plaggenesch soils. Three organically and four conventionally managed fields (cereals and corn) were investigated at the field margins and in the field centres from April to August 1999. Additionally, data of carabid catches and weed flora in winter cereals from an extended study in Düren (Northrhine-Westphalia) were reanalysed to validate the results. However, neither of the potential indicators showed consistently significant positive correlation with carabid diversity. This is partly attributed to the low variability of management conditions within the management systems in the studies presented

Improved results for N=(2,2) super Yang-Mills theory using supersymmetric discrete light-cone quantization

We consider the (1+1)-dimensional ${\cal N}=(2,2)$ super Yang--Mills theory which is obtained by dimensionally reducing ${\cal N}=1$ super Yang--Mills theory in four dimension to two dimensions. We do our calculations in the large-$N_c$ approximation using Supersymmetric Discrete Light Cone Quantization. The objective is to calculate quantities that might be investigated by researchers using other numerical methods. We present a precision study of the low-mass spectrum and the stress-energy correlator $$. We find that the mass gap of this theory closes as the numerical resolution goes to infinity and that the correlator in the intermediate $r$ region behaves like $r^{-4.75}$.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figure

c>1 Non-Critical Strings and Large-N Matrix Field Theory

Motivated by a possible relativistic string description of hadrons we use a discretised light-cone quantisation and Lanczos algorithm to investigate the phase structure of phi^3 matrix field theory in the large N limit. In 1+1 dimensions we confirm the existence of Polyakov's non-critical string theory at the boundary between parton-like and string-like phases, finding critical exponents for longitudinal oscillations equal to or consistent with those given by a mean field argument. The excitation spectrum is finite, possibly discrete. We calculate light-cone structure functions and find evidence that the probability Q(x) of a parton in the string carrying longitudinal momentum fraction between x and x+dx has support on all 0<x<1, despite the average number of partons being infinite.Comment: 9 pages LateX + 7 figures uuencode

Properties of the Bound States of Super-Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons Theory

We apply supersymmetric discrete light-cone quantization (SDLCQ) to the study of supersymmetric Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons (SYM-CS) theory on R x S^1 x S^1. One of the compact directions is chosen to be light-like and the other to be space-like. Since the SDLCQ regularization explicitly preserves supersymmetry, this theory is totally finite, and thus we can solve for bound-state wave functions and masses numerically without renormalizing. The Chern-Simons term is introduced here to provide masses for the particles while remaining totally within a supersymmetric context. We examine the free, weak and strong-coupling spectrum. The transverse direction is discussed as a model for universal extra dimensions in the gauge sector. The wave functions are used to calculate the structure functions of the lowest mass states. We discuss the properties of Kaluza-Klein states and focus on how they appear at strong coupling. We also discuss a set of anomalously light states which are reflections of the exact Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield states of the underlying SYM theory.Comment: 20pp., 21 figure

Morphologic and Ontogenetic Patterns in Elasmosaur Neck Length, with Comments on the Taxonomic Utility of Neck Length Variables

Elasmosaur cervical vertebrae are common fossils, but their taxonomic utility is limited due to a lack of understanding concerning their shape within and among taxa. In this paper, we analyze data from complete elasmosaur necks in an attempt to quantify and understand the variation in centrum dimensions. In accord with previous studies, variation in cervical centrum shape is found to stem from at least three sources: ontogeny, intracolumn variation, and intercolumn or taxonomic variation. Ontogenetic variability seems reminiscent of that seen in Cryptoclidus, with an overall positive allometry in the length of all centra that is accentuated in the mid-cervical region. In adult elasmosaurs, the longest centra occur in the middle of the neck, and centra in this region are longer than those at either end. This pattern yields a distinctively bowed shape curve when a shape metric such as VLI or PC2 score is graphed against vertebral position. Centrum length shows minor variation from centrum to centrum in all elasmosaurs, but a small group of extreme, \u27elongate\u27 animals have a much higher degree of variability. Animals in this group show significant changes in centrum dimensions late in ontogeny. The taxonomic utility of centrum measures is limited because there is no single pattern of centrum shape common to all taxa; variability is the rule, and therefore caution is necessary when using dimensions to diagnose taxa. There do seem to be two morphotypes of elasmosaurs, however. The first is a relatively conservative group with centrum dimensions similar to those of Brancasaurus, and that achieves a long neck by adding vertebrae. A second, elongate group has centra that are very long, and there is great variability from one centrum to another in the same column. Surprisingly, the number of cervical centra is not a highly variable trait in most elasmosaurs. The elongate taxa appear to be restricted to the Western Interior Seaway in the Late Cretaceous, although there is some indication that Tuarangisaurus might be elongate as well. In general, elasmosaur vertebrae have some taxonomic utility, but only at the extremes of their shape range, if the specimens are adults, and only if their position in the column is known with some certainty

New (and Old) Perspectives on Higgs Physics

Old and new ideas regarding Higgs physics are reviewed. We first summarize the quadratic divergence / hierarchy problem which strongly suggests that the SM Higgs sector will be supplemented by new physics at high scales. We next consider means for delaying the hierarchy problem of the SM Higgs sector to unexpectedly high scales. We then outline the properties of the most ideal Higgs boson. The main advantages of a supersymmetric solution to the high scale problems are summarized and the reasons for preferring the next-to-minimal supersymmetric model over the minimal supersymmetric model in order to achieve an ideal Higgs are emphasized. This leads us to the strongly motivated scenario in which there is a Higgs $h$ with SM-like $WW,ZZ$ couplings and \mh\sim 100\gev that decays via $h\to aa$ with $m_a2m_\tau$ is preferred, implying $a\to \tau^+ \tau^-$. The means for detecting an $h\to aa\to 4\tau$ signal are then discussed. Some final cautionary and concluding remarks are given.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure