Detection of submillimeter polarization in the Orion Nebula

Linear polarization of the submillimeter (270 micron) continuum radiation from two regions of Orion was observed: one centered on the Kleinmann-Low Nebula and one centered on the 400 micron peak 1.5' south of the nebula. The polarizations measured for these regions are P = (1.7 +/-0.4)% at phi = 23 deg +/-7 deg and P=(1.7 +/- 0.5)% at phi = 27 deg +/- 7 deg respectively. A 2(sigma) upper limit, P or = 1.6%, was found for the nebular W3(OH). The position angle at KL is orthogonal to that measured at 11 microns by Dyck and Beichman and at 11 and 20 microns by Knacke and Capps. The far-IR values for KL reported by Gull et. al. (approx 2%) and by Cudlip et al. (1 to 2% level) are consistent with the submillimeter results

The Effect of Coho Spawning on the Benthic Invertebrates of the Platte River, Benzie County, Michigan

This study was undertaken to determine what effects a spawning run of coho salmon would have on the benthos of the Platte River, Benzie County, Michigan. It was hypothesized that the physical disruption of the substrate, by spawning salmon, would reduce the density of benthos by dislodging the organisms and causing their downstream displacement.Estimates of density of benthic invertebrates were made in two control sections (salmon excluded) and in one experimental section (salmon having free access) in May and August 1967 prior to coho spawning run, and in December 1967 and May 1968 after the run. Coho spawning activity in the fall of 1967 disturbed the bottom materials. The densities of 12 taxa, as well as the total number and total weight of organisms per square foot, decreased significantly in samples collected in December after disruption. The decrease in total number of organisms per square foot in the experimental section as compared to the controls was 270.5; the decrease in weight in the experimental section was 1.97 grams. This is a percent decrease in the experimental section relative to the controls of 66% for total number and 78% for total weight. In May 1968, the number of organisms per square foot was still significantly lower in the experimental section (57.4 per square foot), but weight of organisms per square foot was not. The percent decrease in the experimental section relative to the controls for total number was 39%. Three of twelve taxa, whose density was reduced in the fall of 1967, were still lower in May 1968. Complete recovery of benthos was not observed in the 5‐month period from December to May.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142051/1/tafs0061.pd

The relation of drift to benthos density and food level in an artificial stream

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109956/1/lno19741960951.pd

Promoting adherence to antiretroviral therapy: the experience from a primary care setting in Khayelitsha, South Africa.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the approach used to promote adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to present the outcomes in the first primary care public sector ART project in South Africa. DESIGN: The study is a prospective open cohort, including all adult patients naive to previous ART who received antiretroviral treatment in Khayelitsha, from May 2001 to the end of 2002. Patients were followed until their most recent visit before 31 July 2003. METHODS: Plasma viral load was determined at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after ART was initiated, and CD4 cell counts 6-monthly. Kaplan-Meier estimates were determined for the cumulative proportions of patients surviving, and patients with viral load suppression and viral rebound. RESULTS: A total of 287 patients were initiated on triple therapy. The probability of survival was 86.3% at 24 months. The median CD4 cell count gain was 288 cells/microliters at 24 months. Viral load was less than 400 copies/ml in 89.2, 84.2 and 69.7% of patients at 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. The cumulative probability of viral rebound (two consecutive HIV-RNA measurements above 400 copies/ml) after achieving an HIV-RNA measurement below 400 copies/ml was 13.2% at 18 months. CONCLUSION: The study shows that, with a standard approach to patient preparation and strategies to enhance adherence, a cohort of patients on ART can be retained in a resource-limited setting in a developing country. A high proportion of patients achieved suppression of viral replication. The subsequent probability of viral rebound was low

Inversion of Eddy Current Data Using Holographic Principles

It has proven possible to convert eddy current data associated with flaws to images of these flaws using holographic principles [2,3] because electromagnetic waves propagate in metals [1] and because these waves have subsonic velocities at eddy current frequencies. The purpose of this paper is to review and clarify the physical and mathematical basis for this method of analyzing eddy current data

Innate Recognition of Pheromone and Food Odors in Moths: A Common Mechanism in the Antennal Lobe?

The survival of an animal often depends on an innate response to a particular sensory stimulus. For an adult male moth, two categories of odors are innately attractive: pheromone released by conspecific females, and the floral scents of certain, often co-evolved, plants. These odors consist of multiple volatiles in characteristic mixtures. Here, we review evidence that both categories of odors are processed as sensory objects, and we suggest a mechanism in the primary olfactory center, the antennal lobe (AL), that encodes the configuration of these mixtures and may underlie recognition of innately attractive odors. In the pheromone system, mixtures of two or three volatiles elicit upwind flight. Peripheral changes are associated with behavioral changes in speciation, and suggest the existence of a pattern recognition mechanism for pheromone mixtures in the AL. Moths are similarly innately attracted to certain floral scents. Though floral scents consist of multiple volatiles that activate a broad array of receptor neurons, only a smaller subset, numerically comparable to pheromone mixtures, is necessary and sufficient to elicit behavior. Both pheromone and floral scent mixtures that produce attraction to the odor source elicit synchronous action potentials in particular populations of output (projection) neurons (PNs) in the AL. We propose a model in which the synchronous output of a population of PNs encodes the configuration of an innately attractive mixture, and thus comprises an innate mechanism for releasing odor-tracking behavior. The particular example of olfaction in moths may inform the general question of how sensory objects trigger innate responses