Mean hepatic weight, adjusted for body weight, for females captured in Florida springs with varying dissolved oxygen concentrations

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Water Quality Influences Reproduction in Female Mosquitofish () from Eight Florida Springs"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;114(S-1):69-75.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1874177.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI</p> Graph shows adjusted mean ± 1 SE. = 0.85, = 0.001

Water Quality Influences Reproduction in Female Mosquitofish () from Eight Florida Springs-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Water Quality Influences Reproduction in Female Mosquitofish () from Eight Florida Springs"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;114(S-1):69-75.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1874177.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI</p

Mean embryo number, adjusted for maternal body weight for females captured in Florida springs with varying temperatures

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Water Quality Influences Reproduction in Female Mosquitofish () from Eight Florida Springs"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;114(S-1):69-75.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1874177.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI</p> Graph shows mean ± 1 SE. = 0.76, = 0.005

Percentage of nonreproductive, mature females sampled from Florida springs with varying nitrate concentrations

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Water Quality Influences Reproduction in Female Mosquitofish () from Eight Florida Springs"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;114(S-1):69-75.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1874177.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI</p> Fish were sampled during the reproductive season. Total samplings from each spring consisted of 30 mature females. = 0.57, = 0.03

Embryo dry weight (mg) for embryos taken from females captured in Florida springs with varying concentrations of nitrate

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Water Quality Influences Reproduction in Female Mosquitofish () from Eight Florida Springs"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;114(S-1):69-75.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1874177.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI</p> Graph shows mean ± 1 SE. = 0.56, = 0.003

Testis of medaka following a 14 day EE2 exposure followed by active breeding with 3 females for 20 days.

<p>A: DMSO control male. B: Male exposed to 1.0 µg/L EE2. There is thickening of the interstitium, an increase in proportion of spermatocytes, minimal spermatozoa. C: Male exposed to 1.0 µg/L EE2. This organ has severe thickening of the interstitium with a focal area of basophilic cells center of field and a severe decrease in germinal epithelium. D: Male exposed to 10.0 µg/L EE2. Severe thickening of interstitium and severe loss of germinal epithelium are. There are, however, spermatocytes and spermatids present suggesting active spermatogenesis. E: Male exposed to 10.0 µg/L EE2. There is severe thickening of the interstitium with loss of germinal epithelium.</p

Top ranked IPA Molecular Network generated from differentially expressed genes unique to day 14 in the 10.0 µg/L EE2 treatment.

<p>Myc family of genes is central to this Molecular Network suggesting an important role in the observed changes in gene expression and histology on day 14 in the 10.0 µg/L treatment group.</p

Sections of testis from 6 month old male medaka stained with H&E.

<p>A: Transverse section of testis showing both lobes joined by the central efferent duct. Spermatogonial germ cells are at periphery of the organ. B: A longitudinal section of a DMSO control animal showing normal testicular morphology. Dark basophilic staining central region is comprised of spermatozoa filling lumen of efferent duct. As in A (above) spermatogonial cells are restricted to the periphery of the organ. Between the periphery and the CED various stages of spermatogenesis are encountered. C: Animal exposed to 1.0 µg/L EE2 for 7 days. When interstitium of animals from this group were compared to controls only one animal showed enhanced thickening of the interstitium and this was limited in extent. D: Animal exposed to 10.0 µg/L EE2 for 7 days. Thickened interstitium was apparent in a zone half way between the periphery and the CED. E: Animal exposed to 1.0 µg/L EE2 for 14 days. At this time, moderate thickening of the interstitium and increased area of clear space devoid of germ cells characterized the lobular lumen. There is a decrease in the proportion of intermediate staged germ cells as evident by the smaller area occupied by these cells (i.e. spermatocytes and spermatids) and a general decrease in germinal epithelium. F: Animal exposed to 10.0 µg/L EE2 for 14 days has a severe thickening of the interstitium, increased vacuolization, and an overall decrease in germinal epithelium. G: Animal exposed to 1.0 µg/L EE2 for 14 days followed by 14 days of recovery showed return toward control morphology. The thickening of the interstitium has diminished compared to E or F and there is an abundance of intermediate stage germ cells indicating active spermatogenesis. The CED does not have many spermatozoa but there are spermatids and spermatozoa in the efferent duct system preparing to enter the central duct. H: Animal exposed to 10.0 µg/L EE2 for 14 days followed by 14 days of recovery. There is continued thickening of the interstitium and significantly altered spermatogenesis. Only mature sperm and a few spermatogonia are present but intermediate stages of germ cells are absent or greatly reduced indicating little active spermatogenesis. There is also eosinophilic change in the interstitium.</p

IPA top associated molecular networks function generated from gene lists comprised of significant genes common to all sampling days in each treatment.

<p>Significantly different genes listed in bold.</p

Percentage of eggs fertilized for medaka breeding groups during three periods: pre-exposure, male exposure, and post-exposure.

<p>Dashed lines indicate the mean percentage fertilized during the 20-day post-exposure period for each treatment. Different letters indicate a statistical difference (p<0.05).</p