Utilization of Morchella esculenta-mediated green synthesis golden nanoparticles in biomedicine applications

This study aimed to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by hot water extract in room conditions using edible Morchella esculenta (ME) and investigate the bioactive properties of the synthesized Morchella esculenta-based gold nanoparticles (ME-AuNPs). The characterization of the biologically synthesized ME-AuNPs was made using the ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, X-ray crystallography, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum methods. The ME-AuNPs, with a particle size of 16.51 nm, were found to have strong bioactive properties. The antioxidant activity of the ME-AuNPs attempted by metal chelating activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity and the β-carotene linoleate model system. The activities at 10 mg/mL were 82, 85, and 77% for the chelation of ferrous ions, DPPH scavenging, and β-carotene linoleate tests, respectively. The ME-AuNPs also showed strong antimicrobial activity against various pathogen microorganisms and strong cytotoxic activity in the A549 and HepG2 cell lines. This study demonstrated the possibility of using a cheap and nontoxic fungal extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of size-controlled, large-scale, and biocompatible AuNPs that could be used in future diagnostic and therapeutic applications

Assessment Of The Nutritional Qualities And Bioactive Properties Of The Wild Edible Mushroom Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers.

Türkiye zengin ve yenilebilen bir makrofungus çeşitlilğine sahiptir. Bu çalışma, Mardin’de doğal olarak yetişen Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers.’nın kimyasal kompozisyonu, yağ asitleri, aminoasitleri ve biyoaktif özellikleri içeren parametreleri belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Protein, karbonhidrat, yağ, kül, diyet lif ve enerji içerikleri sırasıyla 20.64 g/100 g·dw, 75.1g/100 g, 3.25/100 g, 12.4 g/100 g, 30.4 g/100 g ve 4257 kcal/100 g, bulunmuştur. Linoleik, oleik ve palmitik asit gibi yağ asitleri oldukça fazlaydı. Temel amino asitler arasında en yüksek valindi ve onu threonin takip etti. β-karoten-linoleic asit metoduyla en yüksek total antioksidan aktivite metanol ekstraktında belirlendi (67.21 mg/ml). En yüksek DPPH radikalini giderme aktivitesi 89.22 mg/ml ile hekzan ektraktında elde edildi. Diğer taraftan, en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivite Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 ‘a karşı (10 mm) hekzan ekstraktında elde edildi. Sitotoksik aktivitenin potansiyelinin konsantrasyon ve eksraktların solvent tipine bağımlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Etil asetat eksraktı 550 μg/ml (99.82 %) konsantrasyon değerinde (99.82 %) PC-3 hücre hattına karşı IC50 264.33 (μg/ml ) ile önemli inhibisyon etkisi göstermiştir. Sonuçta, günlük besin olarak kullanılan bu mantar yeni ilaç geliştirmek için ve kanser terapisinde bir çeşit tedavi kaynağı olabilir, ve ayrıca, M. esculenta organik ekstrakları biyoaktiviteyi teşvik eden maddeler içerebilir.Turkey has a rich and edible macrofungal diversity. This study aim to determinate parameters that included the chemical composition, fatty acids, amino acids and bioactive properties of Morchella esculenta which naturally grown in Mardin. Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash, dietary fiber and energy contents were found 20.64 g/100 g·dw, 75.1g/100 g, 3.25/100 g, 12.4 g/100 g, 30.4 g/100 g and 4257 kcal/100 g, respectively. Fatty acids such as linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were relatively abundant. Among the essential aminoacids valin was the highest amount and this was followed by threonine. The highest total antioxidant activity by β-carotene-linoleic acid metod was identified in methanol extract (67.21 mg /ml). The highest DPPH scavenging activity was obtained hexane extract with 89.22 mg/ml. On the other hand, the highest antimicrobial activity was obtained against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (10 mm) in hexane extract. It has been found that the potential of cytotoxic activity is depended on concentration and solvent type of extracts. Ethyl acetate extract showed significant inhibitory value at the concentrations of 550 μg/ml (99.82 %) against PC-3 cell lines with IC50 264.33 (μg/ml ). Overall, the mushroom used as a daily nutrient could be a source for new drug developments and a kind of treatment in cancer therapies, and also, organic extracts of M. esculenta may contain substances that stimulate bioactivity

Fatty acid compositions of total lipid, phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions of the wild edible mushroom pleurotus ostreatus and russula delica with cytotoxic activities on prostate carcinoma cell lines

The aim of the study to investigate fatty acids (FAs) of Pleurotus ostreatus and Russula delica in Total Lipid (TL), Triacylglycerol (TG) and Phospholipid (PL) fractions. The major FAs of TL, TG, PL in both species were palmitic acid (PA), oleic acid (OLA), and linoleic acid (LA). In both species, total PUFA amounts were found to be higher than total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA) in TL, TG and PL fractions. Also, insufficiently studied cytotoxic activity (using prostate carcinoma (PC-3) cell lines) of these mushrooms were investigated by using various solvent systems. Ethyl acetate extract of Pleurotus ostreatus and Russula delica showed significant inhibitory value at the concentrations of 520-530 μg/ml (99.45-92.82%) against PC-3 cell lines with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50); 274.53-297.77 μg/mL respectively. The present study is a guide for biochemical and nutritional values of both species and can be useful for further investigation on pharmacological applications

Biosorption Studies of Mushrooms for Two Typical Dyes

This study investigated the adsorption behaviour of two cationic dyes, methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) onto Pleurotus ostreatus, Armillaria tabescens, and Morchella conica mushrooms. The effects of contact time, initial dye concentration, and solution pH (3-11) were also determined. The adsorption on all mushrooms attained equilibrium within 120 min for both MB and MG. To evaluate the experimental kinetics data, the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion kinetics equations were utilised. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model demonstrated a good fit with all adsorption kinetics. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to analyse the mechanism of the adsorption isotherm. The adsorption equilibrium isotherm was in a good agreement with the Freundlich model. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH enthalpy variation, ΔS entropy variation, and ΔG free Gibbs energy variation were calculated at 303-323 K. The results suggested that the Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom was the most suitable adsorbent for both cationic dyes’ removal

Determination of Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of king oyster mushroom mediated AgNPs synthesized with environmentally friendly methods

Synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs) using wild edible fungi with environmentally friendly synthesis methods is more preferred because of the advantages it provides. The fact that its synthesis is easy, economical, non-toxic and has a wide range of uses increases the interest in this subject. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of biomolecular synthesized Pleurotus eryngii silver nanoparticles (PE-AgNPs) against human prostate carcinoma (PC-3), human cervix (HeLa) and breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cells. PE-AgNPs showed significant cytotoxic activity against HeLa, PC-3, MCF-7 cell lines, and also dimethyl sulfoxide solvents of PE-AgNPs applied for their metal chelating activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity using the β-carotene linoleate model system. Biosynthetic PE-AgNPs were found to inhibit the proliferation of PC-3, HeLa and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 2.185, 46.594 and 6.169 µg / ml, respectively, during a 24-hour incubation period. With the parallel of increasing concentration (1, 2, 5, 10 mg/mL) the activities were also increased at all the tests studied. At 10 mg/ml antioxidant activities were 82%, 85% and 77% for chelation of ferrous ions reducing power, DPPH scavenging and β-carotene linoleate tests respectively. The results show that PE-AgNPs may contribute to the development of a suitable anticancer drug that can lead to a new development of nanoparticles for cancer treatment. It also appears to be advantageous to use nanotechnology and green chemistry to improve the existing therapeutic properties of P.eryngii

Synthesis and characterization of the molecularly imprinted composite as a novel adsorbent and its competition with non-imprinting composite for removal of dye

ue to its high visibility, high resistance, and toxic effects, colored substances in the textile and other dyeing industries waste-water cause great damage to biological organisms and ecology. Therefore, current research efforts to develop high selectivity, specificity, and efficient water treatment technologies are very intense, and molecularly imprinting methods (MIM) constitute a category of functional materials to meet these criteria. Polymethylmethacrylate-chitosan molecularly imprinted composite (PMMAC-MIC) and non-imprinted composite (PMMAC-NIC) were successfully prepared by MIM. Dye adsorption performance of MIC and NIC composites was investigated by comparison. The obtained adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and zeta potential techniques. The kinetics of adsorption followed a pseudo-first-order model while the Langmuir adsorption isotherm provided the best fit. The maximum adsorption capacity of dye was found as 93.78 mg/g for PMMAC-MIC and 17.70 mg/g for PMMAC-NIC at 298 K temperature, the initial dye concentration was 100 mg/L. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the removal of dye from PMMAC-MIC was endothermic and spontaneous. Besides, the regeneration of composite was recycled four times

Utilization of edible mushroom for nanomaterial-based bioactive material development

Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were synthesized using edible mushroom Russula delica (RD) in this study. Possibilities to evaluate these synthesized nanoparticles (RD-AuNPs) as bioactive substances were investigated. Characterization of synthesized RD-AuNPs were characterized via UV-vis, XRD, FTIR, EDX. In a spherical view, RD-AuNPs with a crystal size of 34.76 nm were synthesized. As a result, fungal systems used for nanomaterial biosynthesis as an effective alternative to chemical synthesis can be used in different biotechnological and medical applications. RD-AuNPs produced by green synthesis can be evaluated in this context

Kinetic and isotherm investigation into the removal of heavy metals using a fungal-extract-based bio-nanosorbent

Adsorption is very economical and environmentally friendly method that is commonly accepted as a promising technique for the removal of heavy metals. In this study a fungal-extract-based (FE-CB) bio-nanosorbent was prepared and used as an efficient biosorbent for the removal of heavy metals, namely Cu(II) and Ni(II), from aqueous solutions. FE-CB was characterized by scanning electron microscope, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and porosity analyzer, Fourier transform infrared, x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter, thermalgravimetric analysis and zeta potential. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter of FE-CB were 7.43 m2/g, 0.060 cm3/g, and 2.82 nm, respectively. The adsorbtion properties of FE-CB onto both Cu(II) and Ni(II) were investigated in terms of biosorbent dosage, temperature, initial concentration of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions, pH and contact time in the batch experiments. The dependence of the biosorption mechanism on pH was revealed and the optimum pH was determined as 6 for Ni(II) and 5 for Cu(II). The Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal models and the kinetic Pseudo-first-order and Pseudo-second-order kinetic models were used to describe the adsorption performance of FE-CB. The activation energy was calculated by pseudo-second-order rate constants. In addition, thermodynamic parameters, standard Gibbs free energy, standard enthalpy and standard entropy were analyzed using the (Van't Hoff equation). The biosorption process was found to be spontaneous, favorable and endothermic

INVESTIGATING ANTIMI CROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES PRODUC ED THROUGH GREEN SYN THESIS USING LEAF EXTRACT O F COMMON GRAPE ( VITIS VINIFERA

In this study, a direct approach to fabricating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via the leaf extract of common grape (Vitis vinifera) has been demonstrated. The produced particles were found with a maximum wavelength of 452.47 nm, spherical shape and the crystal size of 18.53 nm through UV-Visible spectrophotometry, XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) characterization methods. Furthermore, the functional groups involved in the reduction were specified with FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), the elemental compounds were identified with EDX (Energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy) and the degradation points were determined with TGA-DTA (Thermal gravimetric analysis) methods. AgNPs were found to be effective against hospital pathogens, namely Gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Candida albicans fungus at the concentrations of 0.314, 0.078 and 0.334 g mL-1, respectively