A comparative study on the effects of a pesticide (cypermethrin) and two metals (copper, lead) to serum biochemistry of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

The present study was designed to compare the responses in freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus exposed to a synthetic pyrethroid, cypermethrin (CYP); an essential metal, copper (Cu); and a nonessential metal, lead (Pb). Fish were exposed to 0.05 μg/l CYP, 0.05 mg/l Cu, and 0.05 mg/l Pb for 4 and 21 days, and the alterations in serum enzyme activities, metabolite, and ion levels were determined. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities increased in response to CYP, Cu, and Pb exposures at both exposure periods. While elevations in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and in cholesterol level were observed in pesticide-exposed fish at 4 and 21 days, they increased in Cu- and Pb-exposed fish at 21 days. Although metal-exposed fish showed increases in cortisol and glucose levels at 4 days followed by a return to control levels at the end of the exposure period, their levels elevated in pesticide-exposed fish at both exposure periods. Total protein levels decreased in Pb- and pesticide-exposed fish at 21 days. Na+ and Cl− levels decreased in pesticide-exposed fish at both exposure periods and in Cu- and Pb-exposed fish at 21 days. The exposures of pesticide and metals caused an elevation in K+ level at the end of the exposure period. The present study showed that observed alterations in all serum biochemical parameters of fish-treated pesticide were higher than those in fish exposed to metals

Antioxidant responses and metal accumulation in tissues of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus under Zn, Cd and Zn plus Cd exposures

WOS: 000266507600003PubMed ID: 19058294We investigated the effects of Zn, Cd and a Zn + Cd mixture on antioxidant parameters and metal accumulation in Oreochromis niloticus. Fish were exposed to 0.5 and 5.0 mg l(-1) Zn, 0.1 and 1.0 mg l(-1) Cd, and 0.5 mgl(-1) Zn + 0.1 mg l(-1) Cd and 5.0 mg l(-1) Zn + 1.0 mg l(-1) Cd mixtures for 7 and 28 days to determine Zn and Cd accumulation, reduced glutathione (GSH) level and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in gill and liver. There was increasing accumulation of the metals in the tissues with increasing concentrations of metals in the exposure medium and with increasing duration of exposure (except at the lower concentration of Zn). Concentration of metals in the tissues of fish exposed to the Zn + Cd combination were significantly lower than in fish exposed to the single metal. The highest metal accumulation was observed in the liver. Exposure to the heavy metals affected the antioxidant parameters in the tissues, with both GSH level and G6PD activity in the gill and liver being increased under Zn, Cd and Zn + Cd exposures, especially in their higher concentrations. These increases in the antioxidant responses were higher with the Cd alone, and in combination with Zn, than with Zn alone. Furthermore, GSH level and G6PD activity increased with increasing exposure period only for Cd alone, and in Cd combination with Zn. The results indicate that O. niloticus resisted oxidative stress induced by heavy metal exposure by antioxidant mechanisms. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCE SYSTEMS, LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY OF OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS EXPOSED TO MERCURY AND MERCURY plus SELENIUM

WOS: 000363071500007The objective of the present study was to evaluate the oxidative stress potential of mercury (Hg) exposure with the modulatory effect of selenium (Se) in the brain and kidney tissues of Oreochromis niloticus. The fish were exposed to 0.01 and 0.1 mg/L Hg, 0.01 mg/L Hg+0.1 mg/L Se, and 0.1 mg/L Hg+1.0 mg/L Se, for 7 and 14 days. The activities of total glutathione (tGSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured from samples of the tissues. The results indicated that all concentrations of Hg caused a time-dependent increase in CAT, GST activity, whereas AChE. activity and tGSH content were decreased in brain and kidney tissues. MDA levels in tissues of fish exposed to Hg+Se mixtures were lower compared to those exposed to Hg only. Selenium application in combination with mercury provided an alleviation of the toxic effects of mercury in the investigated tissues for biochemical parameters

ACUTE TOXICITY OF NITRITE ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL, HEMATOLOGICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PARAMETERS IN NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus L, 1758)

WOS: 000396642600047The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of some hematological and blood biochemical parameters of nitrite concentrations on Oreochromis niloticus. Fish were exposed to acute nitrite (0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L) at 24 hours and 96 hours, respectively. Blood samples from fish were analyzed in order to identify and evaluate changes in the hematological parameters (Hct, Hb, RBC and WBC), some plasma biochemical parameters (cortisol, glucose and cholinesterase) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Autoanalyser spectrophotometric methods were used in determining all blood parameters. When compared to control fish, the most increase in hematological parameters was found in Hct and WBCs (66 % and 25 %) of all nitrite concentrations at 24 hours and 96 hours, but Hb and RBCs decreased by 53 % and 15 % in all concentrations. Blood biochemical parameters, compared to control fish, except for cholinesterase, it was observed that cortisol and glucose levels were increased in exposure medium and time. Cortisol levels were increased in 5.0 mg/L nitrite (approximately 3 hold) and glucose levels were increased in 28 % at 24 hours and 96 hours. However, cholinesterase levels of fish blood decreased this concentration. Nitrite exposures did not alter GSH levels in the blood, but its levels decreased in the 1.0 mg/L nitrite exposed to fish. In our study, blood parameters indicated that O. niloticus were sensitive to the distribution of nitrite on aquatic systems.University of Cukurova, Scientific Research Projects Department, Adana, Turkey [FBA-2014-2722]This study was supported by a research project from the University of Cukurova, Scientific Research Projects Department (Project Number: FBA-2014-2722 to Dr. H.Y. COGUN), Adana, Turkey