189 research outputs found
The coarse classification of countable abelian groups
We prove that two countable locally finite-by-abelian groups G,H endowed with
proper left-invariant metrics are coarsely equivalent if and only if their
asymptotic dimensions coincide and the groups are either both
finitely-generated or both are infinitely generated. On the other hand, we show
that each countable group G that coarsely embeds into a countable abelian group
is locally nilpotent-by-finite. Moreover, the group G is locally
abelian-by-finite if and only if G is undistorted in the sense that G can be
written as the union of countably many finitely generated subgroups G_n such
that each G_n is undistorted in G_{n+1} (which means that the identity
inclusion from G_n to G_{n+1} is a quasi-isometric embedding with respect to
word metrics).Comment: 25 pages. Longer version with new results about FCC groups, locally
finite-by-abelian groups, locally nilpotent-by-finite groups
Dimension zero at all scales
We consider the notion of dimension in four categories: the category of
(unbounded) separable metric spaces and (metrically proper) Lipschitz maps, and
the category of (unbounded) separable metric spaces and (metrically proper)
uniform maps. A unified treatment is given to the large scale dimension and the
small scale dimension. We show that in all categories a space has dimension
zero if and only if it is equivalent to an ultrametric space. Also,
0-dimensional spaces are characterized by means of retractions to subspaces.
There is a universal zero-dimensional space in all categories. In the Lipschitz
Category spaces of dimension zero are characterized by means of extensions of
maps to the unit 0-sphere. Any countable group of asymptotic dimension zero is
coarsely equivalent to a direct sum of cyclic groups. We construct uncountably
many examples of coarsely inequivalent ultrametric spaces.Comment: 17 pages, To appear in Topology and its Application
Global distribution of fluoroquinolone and colistin resistance and associated resistance markers in escherichia coli of swine origin – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: Fluoroquinolones and polymyxins (colistin) are considered as critical drugs for human medicine. Antimicrobials of these classes are also used in swine production worldwide and this usage can contribute to selection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is a threat to both human and animal health. Given the dynamic epidemiology of AMR, updating our knowledge regarding distribution and trends in the proportion of resistant bacteria is of critical importance. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to describe the global prevalence of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to fluoroquinolones and colistin in Escherichia coli collected from swine. Results: Four databases (PubMed, PubAg, Web of Science, and CAB abstracts) and reports of national surveillance programs were scanned and 360 articles were included in the analysis. We identified higher prevalence levels of fluoroquinolone and colistin resistance in isolates from pig populations in Asia compared to Europe. The heterogeneity of pooled estimates was also higher in Asian countries suggesting that prevalence of AMR is still not fully characterized. There was a major knowledge gap about the situation of AMR in South American and African countries. We also identified key deficiencies in how AMR data was reported in the studies. A meta-analysis using 6, 167 publicly available genomes of swine E. coli established the prevalence and global distribution of genetic determinants that can lead to fluoroquinolone and colistin resistance. Conclusion: This study provides the most comprehensive information on prevalence of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to key antimicrobials in pig populations globally. There is a need to establish national surveillance programs and effective policies, particularly in certain world regions, to curtail the threat of evolution of resistant isolates in swine production that can potentially contribute to public health detrimentally. Copyright © 2022 Hayer, Casanova-Higes, Paladino, Elnekave, Nault, Johnson, Bender, Perez and Alvarez
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Cobalt(II) Complex with 2-(2-Pyridyl)Imino-N-(2-Thiazolin-2-yl)Thiazolidine (PyTT)
The compound aquanitrate-кObis[2-(2-pyridy)-imin-кN-N-(2-thiazin-кN-2-y)thiazidine]cbat()
nitrate has been isolated and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis-NIR
diffuse reflectance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The environment around the cobalt atom may
be described as a distorted octahedral geometry with the ligand-metal-ligand bite angles varying between
84.07(8)° and 98.66(8)°.The metallic atom is coordinated to two thiazoline nitrogens [av. Co-N =2.067 Å],
two imino nitrogens [av. Co-N =2.122 Ã…], one oxygen atom of the nitrate group monodentate [Co-O(1)=
2.249(2) Ã…] and the oxygen atom of the water molecule [Co-O(IW)= 2.105(2) Ã…]. Electronic UV-Vis-NIR
spectral data and the calculated magnetic moment are indicative of octahedral Co(ll) complexes. In the same
way as other PyTT complexes, the organic moiety preserves the imino-thiazolidine form detected in the
structure of PyTT
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