Different methods of bacterial inoculation on the yield of chamomile blossoms and essential oil

Chamomile is one of the most wide spread medicinal plant cultivated in Egypt. This work aimed at enhancement of blossoms and oil production of chamomile plants via biofertilization with PGPRs under organic farming system. In this study, 6 bacterial strains were applied using two different inoculation techniques. The first application method was throughout soaking the roots of seedlings in the bacterial suspension before transplanting. The second technique was by adding the bacterial inocula to soil 2 weeks after transplantation. The results showed that root dipping method displayed high impact on the yield of chamomile blossoms and essential oil percentage. Furthermore, the soil application of the bacterial inocula didn’t show any significant impact in this respect. Where Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, Serratia plymuthica and Streptomyces subrutilus increased the dry weight of chamomile blossoms compared to the control, essential oil content increased significantly in case of Serratia plymuthica, Stenotrophomonas rhizophyla and Bacillus subtilis. The current results also indicated that bacterial strains produced the highest indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid resulted in the highest yield of both flowers and essential oil

Progress in biomimetic leverages for marine antifouling using nanocomposite coatings

Because of the environmental and economic casualties of biofouling on maritime navigation, modern studies have been devoted toward formulating advanced nanoscale composites in the controlled development of effective marine antifouling self-cleaning surfaces. Natural biomimetic surfaces have the advantages of micro-/nanoroughness and minimized free energy characteristics that can motivate the dynamic fabrication of superhydrophobic antifouling surfaces. This review provides an architectural panorama of the biomimetic antifouling designs and their key leverages to broaden horizons in the controlled fabrication of nanocomposite building blocks as force-driven marine antifouling models. As primary antifouling designs, understanding the key functions of surface geometry, heterogeneity, superhydrophobicity, and complexity of polymer/nanofiller composite building blocks on fouling-resistant systems is crucial. This review also discusses a wide range of fouling release coating systems that satisfy the growing demand in a sustainable future environment. For instance, the integration of block, segmented copolymer-based coatings and inorganic–organic hybrid nanofillers enhanced the model's antifouling properties with mechanical, superhydrophobic, chemically inert, and robust surfaces. These nanoscale antifouling systems offered surfaces with minimized free energy, micro-/nanoroughness, anisotropic heterogeneity, superior hydrophobicity, tunable non-wettability, antibacterial efficiency, and mechanical robustness. The confined fabrication of nanoscale orientation, configuration, arrangement, and direction along the architectural composite building blocks would yield excellent air-entrapping ability along the interfacial surface grooves and interfaces, which optimized the antifouling coating surfaces for long-term durability. This review provides systematic evidence of the effect of structurally folded nanocomposites, nanofiller tectonics, and building blocks on the creation of outstanding superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning surfaces, and potential antifouling coatings. The development of modern research gateways is a candidate for the sustainable future of antifouling coatings

Implications of Inflammatory Bowel Disease for reconstructive surgery in non-malignant urinary tract dysfunction:an International Continence Society working group report

Potential consequences of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) need evaluation for patients considering urinary tract reconstruction for benign disease. A working group was formed by the International Continence Society, which considered urinary tract reconstruction in IBD.Methods Nominal group technique was used to derive consensus. Principal aspects of IBD assessment and surgery decision-making were agreed. A questionnaire was used to facilitate the generation of statements by a core focus group of experts, which were modified and ratified by the wider working group. This was followed by final voting by the full working group.Results General considerations included identification importance of the specialist IBD multi-disciplinary team. Peri-operative considerations recommended avoiding pre-operative fasting from midnight and using an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol. Selection of bowel segment, pre-operative optimisation and post-operative issues were considered for both Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease. UC is not an absolute contraindication to urinary tract reconstruction using small or large bowel. Elective reconstructive surgery should wait at least three months following resolution of any acute UC flare-up to correct all abnormalities. Crohn’s disease is a high-risk disease for urinary tract reconstruction, even if in remission. In Crohn’s, reconstructive surgical options are limited by the location and extent of gastrointestinal segment(s) affected and the phenotype of disease.Conclusion The consensus opinion indicates that urinary tract reconstruction using bowel segments is feasible in carefully selected and optimised patients with IBD lacking alternative management options, provided there is access to appropriate multidisciplinary skills. UC is relatively low risk for surgical procedures, whereas Crohn’s has considerably increased risk of morbidity. The potential risks must be properly discussed with patients considering reconstructive urological procedures. Outcomes should be carefully monitored and published to identify the safety and efficacy of reconstructive surgery in IBD, including full description of the disease status

Elastic properties of TeO2-B2O3-Ag2O glasses.

A series of glasses [(TeO2) x (B2O3)1−x ]1−y [Ag2O] y with x = 70 and y = 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mol% were synthesised by rapid quenching. Longitudinal and shear ultrasonic velocity were measured at room temperature and at 5 MHz frequency. Elastic properties, Poisson's ratio, microhardness, softening temperature and Debye temperature have been calculated from the measured density and ultrasonic velocity at room temperature. The experimental results indicate that the elastic constants depend upon the composition of the glasses and the role of the Ag2O inside the glass network is discussed. Estimated parameters based on Makishima–Mackenzie theory and bond compression model were calculated in order to analyse the experimental elastic moduli. Comparison between the experimental elastic moduli data obtained in the study and the calculated theoretically by the mentioned above models has been discussed

Removal of Tannic Acid From Aqueous Solution by Cloud Point Extraction and Investigation of Surfactant Regeneration by Microemulsion Extraction

The aim of this work is the extraction of tannic acid (TA) with two commercial nonionic surfactants, separately: Lutensol ON 30 and Triton X-114 (TX-114).The experimental cloud point extraction results are expressed by four responses to surfactant concentration and temperature variations: extent of TA extraction (E), remaining solute (X s,w) and surfactant (X t,w) concentrations in dilute phase and volume fraction of coacervate (Φc) at equilibrium. An empirical smoothing method was used and the results are represented on three dimensional plots. In optimal conditions, the extraction extent of TA reaches 95 and 87 % using TX-114 and Lutensol ON 30, respectively. Sodium sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) addition and pH effect are also studied. Finally, the possibility of recycling of the surfactant is proved