Terapia psicomotriz relacional : experiencia práctica en un servicio pedagógico municipal

Descripción de la aplicación práctica a un grupo de niños de 5 y 6 años de la terapia psicomotriz relacional en un servicio psicopedagógico municipal. Algunos objetivos de esta terapia son el conocimiento global de cada niño considerado como persona en crecimiento. 8 niños entre 5 y 6 años de edad. Son 3 sujetos masculinos y 5 femeninos. Todos tienen problemas de comportamiento inadaptado y retraso escolar lo que conlleva dificultades de relacción familiar y social. No es una investigación como tal, sino una descripción de la evolución comportamental que sufrieron 8 niños gracias a la terapia relacional. Con el fin de diagnóstico antes de asignar uno u otro tratamiento a los sujetos que acuden al SPM, se indaga sobre las siguientes variables: familiares, inteligencia y desarrollo aptitudinal, personalidad y rendimiento pedagógico, así como el desarrollo psicomotriz donde miden el nivel madurativo y las aptitudes psicomotoras. Formularios para el registro de todos los datos de interés para el diagnóstico psicosomático. Se han elaborado en el SPM de Coslada (Madrid). Estos son los utilizados en la anamnesis familiar y psicomotriz. Para el estudio de la inteligencia, personalidad y rendimiento se utilizan baterías de test compradas al efecto. Interpretación cualitativa del desarrollo de la conducta de los niños a la luz de la teoría de la psicomotricidad global desarrollada por Lapierre y Aucouturier. Además de la observación vivencial dentro de las sesiones de terapia, tambien hubo consultas a los padres y profesores. Importancia de la terapia relacional ya que el progreso de los niños es generalizado. Describe en cada caso la evolución post terapia referidos a la esfera familiar y a la escolar. Importancia de la comunicación no verbal y la necesidad de una aproximación corporal y psicomotriz, tratando de inducir comportamientos que posibiliten la expresión de sus fantasmas, así como la liberación de sus pulsiones, al objeto de favorecer la resolución de sus problemas relacionales y el logro de su identidad y autonomía.MadridES

Los niños y las niñas ante la elección de juguetes

Pretende proporcionar un conjunto de indicadores sobre qué juguetes son preferidos, deseados y más utilizados y evaluar la influencia que la publicidad ejerce sobre los-as niños-as. 1303 estudiantes de 3 a 14 años de los Centros Públicos de Coslada (Madrid) de EGB y Escuelas Infantiles. Se realizó un muestreo por conglomerados utilizando como unidad el Centro Escolar. Comienza con un marco teórico en el que se trata el juguete como instrumento socializador, su evolución histórica y la influencia de la publicidad en su consumo. La investigación empírica recoge las preferencias según categorías de juguetes y el sexo y edad de los sujetos antes y después de la Navidad. Los datos se obtienen a partir de entrevistas individuales y grupales a estudiantes y un cuestionario para sus familias. Para su tratamiento informático se utiliza el paquete estadístico SPSS-PC+ y los programas Frecuencies y Crostabs. Investigación descriptiva y exploratoria con análisis estadísticos descriptivos (media y porcentaje) y análisis multivariantes (factoriales).MadridES

Situación de la Enseñanza General Básica en los centros públicos de la Comunidad de Madrid : estudio sobre el nivel de pensamiento y maduración psicosocial en los alumnos de octavo de EGB

Investigación realizada por los servicios psicopedagógicos de la Comunidad de Madrid sobre la situación de la Enseñanza General Básica en los centros públicos de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se trata de analizar como la escolaridad contribuye a la madurez intelectual y psicosocial de los niños, por lo que se escoge como muestra para dicha investigación al alumnado de octavo de EGB, último nivel de escolaridad. La investigación consiste, por una parte, en conocer la valoración que estos alumnos hacen del proceso seguido, el presente y su futuro inmediato. Y por otra parte, en realizar un análisis comparativo de las pruebas de rendimiento, pensamiento y madurez psicosocial por zonas geográficas de la Comunidad (capital, cinturón industrial o periférico y zona rural).MadridES

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women