英語教育の中に捉え直される文法 : 英語力を測定するための文法項目に関する研究

This is a three-year research project (2004-2006) that aims to develop a diagnostic and/or evaluation test of Toyo Eiwa freshman students\u27 English proficiency for the purpose of placement and formulating teaching goals. The interim report consists of 3 parts. The first part is an analysis of TOEIC-IP and G-TELP Level 4 results. A correlation between quality of grammatical knowledge and high scores, and a stronger correlation between grammar and reading scores than that between grammar and listening scores were found. Another analysis of the preliminary grammar tests administered during the classtime indicates that students with low scores have not learned properly how forms of the words and their grammatical functions work to make a complete sentence. In general, the students\u27 grammatical errors can be ascribed to their insufficient understanding of parts of speech which act as main elements of the five basic sentence patterns, especially regarding their morphological distinctions. In Part II, the results of an experimental diagnostic and/or evaluation test reconfirm (1) that the level of students\u27 English proficiency shows some distinctive aspects of interlanguage with possible future improvements, (2) that a grammar-centered paper test has some problems to overcome concerning its reliability, mainly because it is not done in the natural speech environment, (3) that it requires more improvements for a test based upon students\u27 need analysis, and further development of a verification system for washback effects in the students\u27 English learning motivation, and (4) that the first step to have the most fundamental English language ability is to understand the five basic sentence patterns by identifying, syntactically and morphologically, the parts of speech in a sentence. Finally, Part III is an argument that the English competence of university students should be built based on their firm acquisition of fundamental grammar, and reinforced by a deeper understanding of the English language system and culture, not to mention, English literature

文法を中心とした英語力測定法と大学英語再教育 : 英語基礎力向上を目指して

This is the final report of a three-year research project (2004-2006) that aimed to develop a diagnostic and evaluation test of Toyo Eiwa freshman students\u27 English proficiency for the purpose of placement and formulating teaching goals. It follows the two reports: "Reconsideration of Grammar in English Teaching: A Research on the Grammatical Items to Test the Students\u27 English Proficiency" Ronshu (2007) and English Education Workshop (2007). Analyses of the results of the second experimental diagnostic and evaluation test (Test β ) suggest that (1) a more complete knowledge of grammar be needed to fill gaps in students\u27 general understanding of English and also to improve students\u27 communicative competence in English, that (2) a grammar-centered proficiency test should vary for placement and teaching, that (3) there are some grammatical items that can effectively indicate where a learner stands in their understanding of English syntax, and the application of recent, emerging linguistic theory, which encourages students to participate in more classroom activities, should work well in the teaching of English grammar at the university level, and that (4) a deficient knowledge of basic English sentence patterns can obstruct effective English learning, and it is recommended to acquire essential knowledge of English grammar and vocabulary in pattern practice activities. To sum up, to conduct a grammar-centered diagnostic and evaluation test of English is not only the beginning of remedial English education but is also that of an active learning classroom approach toward full English proficiency at the university level

Results of the search for inspiraling compact star binaries from TAMA300's observation in 2000-2004

We analyze the data of TAMA300 detector to search for gravitational waves from inspiraling compact star binaries with masses of the component stars in the range 1-3Msolar. In this analysis, 2705 hours of data, taken during the years 2000-2004, are used for the event search. We combine the results of different observation runs, and obtained a single upper limit on the rate of the coalescence of compact binaries in our Galaxy of 20 per year at a 90% confidence level. In this upper limit, the effect of various systematic errors such like the uncertainty of the background estimation and the calibration of the detector's sensitivity are included.Comment: 8 pages, 4 Postscript figures, uses revtex4.sty The author list was correcte

Observation results by the TAMA300 detector on gravitational wave bursts from stellar-core collapses

We present data-analysis schemes and results of observations with the TAMA300 gravitational-wave detector, targeting burst signals from stellar-core collapse events. In analyses for burst gravitational waves, the detection and fake-reduction schemes are different from well-investigated ones for a chirp-wave analysis, because precise waveform templates are not available. We used an excess-power filter for the extraction of gravitational-wave candidates, and developed two methods for the reduction of fake events caused by non-stationary noises of the detector. These analysis schemes were applied to real data from the TAMA300 interferometric gravitational wave detector. As a result, fake events were reduced by a factor of about 1000 in the best cases. The resultant event candidates were interpreted from an astronomical viewpoint. We set an upper limit of 2.2x10^3 events/sec on the burst gravitational-wave event rate in our Galaxy with a confidence level of 90%. This work sets a milestone and prospects on the search for burst gravitational waves, by establishing an analysis scheme for the observation data from an interferometric gravitational wave detector

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF TRAUMATIC TRICUSPID INSUFFICIENCY: REPORT OF A CASE AND REVIEW OF OPERATED CASES

The incidence of blunt injury to the heart is becoming more frequent with the increasing number of automobile accidents. However, traumatic tricuspid insufficiency is less frequently encountered. This report concerns the hemodynamic data and operative treatment of a patient with traumatic rupture of the chordae tendineae to the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve by the Starr Edwards disc valve 7 years and 5 months after the injury. A review of the surgically treated cases suggested that the number of valve repair could be increased when treated at an earlier stage