Au(III)/TPPMS-Catalyzed Benzylation of Indoles with Benzylic Alcohols in Water

A novel and efficient method for the Au­(III)/TPPMS-catalyzed direct substitution reaction of benzhydryl and benzylic alcohols with indoles in water is developed. Au­(III)/TPPMS is an effective catalyst for the benzylation of the strong π nucleophile 1-methylindole, while common Brønsted or Lewis acids are ineffective

Pd-Catalyzed Benzylic C–H Amidation with Benzyl Alcohols in Water: A Strategy To Construct Quinazolinones

A novel method for the synthesis of 4-phenylquinazolinones via a palladium-catalyzed domino reaction of <i>o</i>-aminobenzamides with benzyl alcohols is developed. This protocol involves <i>N</i>-benzylation, benzylic C–H amidation, and dehydrogenation in water, which may play an important role in the smooth generation of the (η³-benzyl)palladium species by activation of the hydroxyl group of the benzyl alcohol

Cocrystal or Salt Crystallization for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients By Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) often exhibit physicochemical problems that one can remedy by various methods (e.g., salt formation, grinding, ordered mixtures, and cocrystal or amorphous formation). Crystallizing salts or cocrystals from solutions of an API and a coformer is widely used today. In recent years, green chemistry and sustainable development goals have been an active area of research, and a production method is required for reducing the use of organic solvents and implementing a low environmental load. In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used as the mother liquids for crystallization and environmentally friendly solvents. The DESs were made by combining three types of choline salts and a coformer compound of malonic acid. Nine model APIs were then dissolved in each DES and crystals precipitated from the DESs. As a result, five kinds of cocrystals or salts precipitated in 10 conditions, two of which were identified for the first time in this study. Crystallization by using DESs is a potent alternative for discovering novel cocrystals or salts with low environmental impact