Surface roughness.

<p>Data were expressed as a mean (standard deviation (SD)).</p><p>Ra: arithmetic mean of the departures of the roughness profile from the profile center-line.</p><p>Rz: average distance between the highest peak and the lowest valley.</p>a<p>: <i>P</i><0.01 compared to Oxinium.</p>b<p>: <i>P</i><0.01 compared to Co-Cr-Mo.</p>c<p>: <i>P</i><0.01 compared to Ti-6Al-4.</p>d<p>: <i>P</i><0.01 compared to cp-Ti.</p>e<p>: <i>P</i><0.01 compared to stainless steel.</p><p>Surface roughness.</p

SEM images of biofilm.

<p>Oxinium (a), Co-Cr-Mo (b), Ti-6Al-4V (c), cp-Ti (d), stainless steel (e) Original magnification ×1000 (Scale bar  = 10 µm)</p

SEM micrographs.

<p>Although a few polishing micro-traces and marks were observed, all specimens had a generally featureless and smooth surface. Oxinium (a), Co-Cr-Mo (b), Ti-6Al-4V (c), cp-Ti (d), stainless steel (e) Original magnification ×3000 (Scale bar  = 1 µm)</p

Biofilm coverage rate (BCR).

<p>Mean and standard deviation are shown. *p<0.05, **p<0.01</p

Absorbance value of crystal violet (CV) assay after 6 hours incubation.

<p>Mean and standard deviation are shown.</p

Contact angles and Surface free energies.

<p>Contact angle data were expressed as a mean (standard deviation (SD)). Surface free energies (γ_S) were calculated from the mean value of the contact angles of water and diiodomethane.</p>a<p>: <i>P</i><0.01 compared to Oxinium.</p>b<p>: <i>P</i><0.01 compared to Co-Cr-Mo.</p>c<p>: <i>P</i><0.01 compared to Ti-6Al-4.</p>d<p>: <i>P</i><0.01 compared to cp-Ti.</p>e<p>: <i>P</i><0.01 compared to stainless steel.</p><p>Contact angles and Surface free energies.</p

Colony forming units as determined by viable cell count (VCC) after 6 hours incubation.

<p>Mean and standard deviation are shown.</p