Anemia Associated with Worse Outcome in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Objective: Useful prognostic biomarkers for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients have been reported. To determine the prognostic value of hemoglobin (Hb) level in DLBCL patients, we performed a retrospective study. Materials and Methods: We evaluated disease outcome, progressionfree survival (PFS), overall survival as the endpoint, and clinical and laboratory factors affecting the outcome of 185 DLBCL patients who had received rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone therapy during 2004-2014. Results: The study group included 121 men and 64 women with a median age of 66 years minimum-maximum: 21-83 years. In univariate analysis, factors independently associated with worse PFS were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2, Ann Arbor stage III or IV, anemia with Hb levels of <10 g/dL, and serum albumin of <3.5 g/ dL. In multivariate analysis, anemia with Hb levels of <10 g/dL and Ann Arbor stage III or IV were found to be international index-independent prognostic factors (hazard ratio: 2.4; p=0.04). Conclusion: Anemia is an independent prognostic marker of poor outcome in DLBCL patients. Hb can be an easily available prognostic marker for risk stratification in these patients

Photoinduced Formal Gallylene Transfer from Gallium-Bridged Dimetallic Complexes to 16-Electron Metal Fragments

Photoirradiation of the mixtures of Cp′(dppe)­FeGaM­(CO)₅ (Cp′ = η⁵-C₅Me₅ (Cp*), M = W (<b>2</b>), Cr (<b>3</b>); Cp′ = η⁵-C₅H₅ (Cp), M = W (<b>5</b>), Cr (<b>6</b>)) and Fe­(CO)₅ in C₆D₆ caused formal gallylene transfer from <b>2, 3</b>, <b>5</b>, and <b>6</b> to the Fe­(CO)₄ fragment to afford the gallium-bridged diiron complexes Cp′(dppe)­FeGaFe­(CO)₄ (Cp′ = Cp* (<b>1</b>), Cp (<b>4</b>)) in moderate yields. Gallylene transfers with Cp­(dppe)­FeGaFe­(CO)₄ (<b>4</b>) and M­(CO)₆ (M = W, Cr) also took place to produce <b>5</b> and <b>6</b>, respectively; however, that with Cp*­(dppe)­FeGaFe­(CO)₄ (<b>1</b>) and M­(CO)₆ did not proceed. Photoirradiation of <b>4</b> alone in toluene caused CO dissociation and dimerization to afford the gallylene-bridged tetrametallic complex {μ-Cp­(dppe)­FeGa}₂Fe₂(CO)₆(μ-CO) (<b>8</b>). In contrast to <b>4</b>, the Cp* analogue <b>1</b> gave no gallylene-bridged complex in a similar reaction

Photoinduced Formal Gallylene Transfer from Gallium-Bridged Dimetallic Complexes to 16-Electron Metal Fragments

Photoirradiation of the mixtures of Cp′(dppe)­FeGaM­(CO)₅ (Cp′ = η⁵-C₅Me₅ (Cp*), M = W (<b>2</b>), Cr (<b>3</b>); Cp′ = η⁵-C₅H₅ (Cp), M = W (<b>5</b>), Cr (<b>6</b>)) and Fe­(CO)₅ in C₆D₆ caused formal gallylene transfer from <b>2, 3</b>, <b>5</b>, and <b>6</b> to the Fe­(CO)₄ fragment to afford the gallium-bridged diiron complexes Cp′(dppe)­FeGaFe­(CO)₄ (Cp′ = Cp* (<b>1</b>), Cp (<b>4</b>)) in moderate yields. Gallylene transfers with Cp­(dppe)­FeGaFe­(CO)₄ (<b>4</b>) and M­(CO)₆ (M = W, Cr) also took place to produce <b>5</b> and <b>6</b>, respectively; however, that with Cp*­(dppe)­FeGaFe­(CO)₄ (<b>1</b>) and M­(CO)₆ did not proceed. Photoirradiation of <b>4</b> alone in toluene caused CO dissociation and dimerization to afford the gallylene-bridged tetrametallic complex {μ-Cp­(dppe)­FeGa}₂Fe₂(CO)₆(μ-CO) (<b>8</b>). In contrast to <b>4</b>, the Cp* analogue <b>1</b> gave no gallylene-bridged complex in a similar reaction

Structural instability of IκB kinase β promotes autophagic degradation through enhancement of Keap1 binding.

IKKβ, an essential kinase of NF-κB signaling, is composed of an N-terminal kinase domain (KD) and a C-terminal scaffolding domain, containing a ubiquitin-like domain (ULD). The Hsp90 chaperon has special responsibility for folding of protein kinases including IKKβ. Here, we found that Hsp90 inhibition induced IKKβ degradation, which is partially mediated by Keap1. Geldanamycin (GA), a Hsp90 inhibitor, enhances association of IKKβ with Keap1 through the binding site in KD, and translocates IKKβ to detergent-insoluble fractions leading to its autophagic degradation. An electrophile tBHQ suppressed Keap1-mediated proteasomal Nrf2 degradation but not autophagic IKKβ degradation. Substitution mutation of Leu353 to Ala in the ULD destabilizes IKKβ, enhances its association with Keap1, translocates it to detergent-insoluble fractions, and causes its autophagic degradation. These results suggest that Keap1 is involved in the degradation of structural destabilized IKKβ and negative regulation of NF-κB under proteotoxic stress

MOESM1 of Immunosuppressive property of submandibular lymph nodes in patients with head and neck tumors: differential distribution of regulatory T cells

Additional file 1: Table S1. Clinical characteristics of the head and neck tumor patients. Clinical characteristics of the head and neck tumor patients enrolled in this study