Layers of Identity & Privilege in Legislation: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Senate Bill 744

This research examines Senate Bill 744 (S.744) from the 113th Congress of the United States, and its findings will be used as a model to reveal problems in similar legislation. Senate Bill 744 was proposed by the 113th Congress in an attempt to accomplish bi-partisan immigration reform. The bill was viewed (and still is) as a comprehensive compromise, in that neither Democrats nor Republicans were completely satisfied with its result. The outcome was that the legislators who were involved in S.744*s creation were satisfied that something on the topic of immigration reform had been accomplished (the bill passed the Senate, but never came up for a vote in the House), even if it was not what they, nor their constituents really wanted. S.744 addressed, what the researcher perceives, as the key Democratic and Republican issues concerning immigration reform in the United States, which were status for undocumented immigrants on the left, and increased border security on the right. However, the researcher also notes that neither of these issues were handled well in the bill because of their exclusionary nature, and that is what led her to this research. This study is important because it will highlight legislative failures and look at how representatives can be held more accountable for their use of disingenuous language. This research looks at aspects of identity and privilege as they relate to exclusions from the dominant culture, and consequently the legislative process. The researcher would like to disclose that as an immigrant herself she has first-hand experience of the system*s failures, and is approaching this project with personal invested interested in the success of future legislation

A Computational and Experimental Compressor Design Project for Japanese and British High-School Students

This paper describes an innovative, three-day, turbomachinery research project for Japanese and British high-school students. The project is structured using modern teaching theories which encourage student curiosity and creativity. The experience develops team-work and communication, and helps to break-down cultural and linguistic barriers between students from different countries and backgrounds. The approach provides a framework for other hands-on research projects which aim to inspire young students to undertake a career in engineering. The project is part of the Clifton Scientific Trust's annual UK-Japan Young Scientist Workshop Programme. The work focuses on compressor design for jet engines and gas turbines. It includes lectures introducing students to turbomachinery concepts, a computational design study of a compressor blade section, experimental tests with a low-speed cascade and tutorials in data analysis and aerodynamic theory. The project also makes use of 3D printing technology, so that students go through the full engineering design process, from theory, through design, to practical experimental testing. Alongside the academic aims, students learn what it is like to study engineering at university, discover how to work effectively in a multinational team, and experience a real engineering problem. Despite a lack of background in fluid dynamics and the limited time available, the lab work and end of project presentation show how far young students can be stretched when they are motivated by an interesting problem

THE ROLE OF TIP LEAKAGE FLOW IN SPIKE-TYPE ROTATING STALL INCEPTION

This paper describes the role of tip leakage flow in creating the leading edge separation necessary for onset of spike-type compressor rotating stall. A series of unsteady multi-passage simulations, supported by experimental data, are used to define and illustrate the two competing mechanisms that cause the high incidence responsible for this separation: blockage from a casing-suction-surface corner separation and forward spillage of the tip leakage jet. The axial momentum flux in the tip leakage flow determines which mechanism dominates. At zero tip clearance, corner separation blockage dominates. As clearance is increased, the leakage flow reduces blockage, moving the stall flow coefficient to lower flow, i.e. giving a larger unstalled flow range. Increased clearance, however, means increased leakage jet momentum and contribution to leakage jet spillage. There is thus a clearance above which jet spillage dominates in creating incidence, so the stall flow coefficient increases and flow range decreases with clearance. As a consequence there is a clearance for maximum flow range; for the two rotors in this study, the value was approximately 0.5% chord. The chord-wise distribution of the leakage axial momentum is also important in determining stall onset. Shifting the distribution towards the trailing edge increases flow range for a leakage jet dominated geometry and reduces flow range for a corner separation dominated geometry. Guidelines are developed for flow range enhancement through control of tip leakage flow axial momentum magnitude and distribution. An example is given of how this might be achieved.Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd

Revisiting the arguments for edge computing research

The first author is supported by a Royal Society Short Industry Fellowship.This article argues that low latency, high bandwidth, device proliferation, sustainable digital infrastructure, and data privacy and sovereignty continue to motivate the need for edge computing research even though its initial concepts were formulated more than a decade ago.PostprintPeer reviewe

Reduction of salmonid predators by chemical treatment

The upper drainage of the John Day River system produces summer steelhead and spring chinook salmon. The fish are generally confined to the main stem and its tributaries above Prairie City. The spawning and rearing areas are comparatively free of undesirable fish species, but salmonid smolts migrating downstream must travel through populations of large predatory squawfish. The purpose of the study was to determine if salmonid smolt survival could be increased through removal of the large squawfish by treatment with rotenone. A 40-mile section of the John Day River between Dayville and John Day was selected for study. A pretreatment fish population inventory was conducted to determine the species and numbers of fish present within the test area. Significantly large populations of undesirable fish and correspondingly low numbers of salmonids were observed in the test area. In late August 1962 the 40-mile study area was treated with liquid rotenone. Observations indicated the kill of all fish species was greater than 99 percent in the river and irrigation ditches. None of the tributary streams were treated. It was necessary to use a detoxifying agent to prevent kill of fish populations downstream from the study area. Liquid potassium permanganate was successfully used for this purpose. Posttreatment inventory of fish populations within the study area has shown that average size and number of squawfish was effectively reduced and that salmonid numbers can be increased by temporary control of rough fish populations. There was a significant increase of resident rainbow trout within the study area. Steelhead fingerling and fry reared in the treated area© Most of the salmonid populations resulted from natural recruitment from upstream areas

The diastereoselective Meth-Cohn epoxidation of camphor-derived vinyl sulfones

Some camphor-derived vinyl sulfones bearing oxygen functionality at the allylic position have been synthesized and their nucleophilic epoxidation reactions under Meth-Cohn conditions have been explored. The γ-oxygenated camphor-derived vinyl sulfones underwent mildly diastereoselective nucleophilic epoxidation reactions, affording the derived sulfonyloxiranes in up to 5.8:1 dr. The observed diastereoselectivities were sensitive to the reaction conditions employed. In contrast, no stereoselectivity was observed in the nucleophilic epoxidation of the corresponding γ-oxygenated isobornyl vinyl sulfone. A tentative mechanism has been proposed to explain the origins of the diastereoselectivit

The kinetic and thermodynamic behaviour of some platinum metal complexes

Imperial Users onl

THE ROLE OF TIP LEAKAGE FLOW IN AXIAL COMPRESSOR SPIKE-TYPE ROTATING STALL INCEPTION

The operating range of axial compressors is frequently limited, at low flow rates, by spike-type stall inception. Previous work has identified spikes as radial vortex tubes, created by leading edge separation. In this thesis, a series of multi-passage unsteady computations, verified by experiments, have been used to determine the role of tip leakage flow in spike formation. The calculations have predominately used the E3 Rotor B, a design representative of the subsonic intermediate/high pressure stages of gas turbine axial compressors. It is shown that there are two routes to the high incidence required for leading edge separation and hence spike formation: 1. Spillage of the tip leakage jet in front of the adjacent leading edge creates a propagating disturbance. This disturbance impinges on the leading edge, and triggers a leading edge separation. Geometries that follow this route to incidence are designated jet critical. 2. Blockage from casing corner separation increases the incidence onto the adjacent leading edge and triggers a leading edge separation. Geometries that follow this route to incidence are designated separation critical. Once leading edge separation has occurred, the development of the spike is qualitatively independent of the route to incidence. Tip leakage flow determines which of the two routes to incidence occurs. At zero clearance the route to incidence is blockage from casing corner separation. Opening the tip clearance suppresses the casing corner separation, but increases the strength of the tip leakage jet. Stall margin is maximised (at 0.26 design point flow coefficient for the E3 Rotor B) at the tip clearance (0.5% chord) at which the casing corner separation and spillage of the tip leakage jet occur at the same flow coefficient. At clearances above this optimum, the route to incidence is spillage of the tip leakage jet. At large clearances (>1.6% chord for the E3) stall margin is independent (0.11+/-0.02) of clearance. The tip leakage flow is characterised by the chord-wise distribution of axial momentum. Shifting the tip leakage flow axial momentum distribution, at a fixed magnitude, towards the trailing edge increases stall margin of jet critical geometries (an improvement of 43% is demonstrated for the E3). Shifting the tip leakage flow axial momentum distribution, at a fixed magnitude, towards the leading edge increases stall margin of separation critical geometries. It is shown that, for a given blade, flow coefficient at stall can be mapped to tip leakage flow total axial momentum and the centroid of the tip leakage flow axial momentum distribution, at the design point. Based upon the unsteady stall point calculations of a subset of geometries, a correlation of stalling flow coefficient, as a function of these two parameters, can be used to produce a tip leakage flow characterisation map. This permits a design process where steady calculations at the design point are used as a preliminary indication of stall margin. At a fixed, jet critical, tip clearance (1.8% chord) this design process is applied to the E3 Rotor B: forward sweep, negative dihedral and positive near-tip leading edge recamber improve stall margin (by up to 53%, 37% and 26% respectively) by reducing the magnitude of tip leakage flow axial momentum and, for dihedral and recamber, shifting the tip leakage flow axial momentum distribution towards the trailing edge. Leading edge shape has minimal effect on stall margin. Combining forward sweep, negative dihedral and positive leading edge recamber, with blade restagger to recover lost pressure rise, a stall margin improvement of 90% is calculated