3 research outputs found
Biomassza hasznosĂtás kĂ©miai alapfolyamatainak tanulmányozása = Study of fundamental chemical processes of biomass utilization
(1) Biomassza anyagok szĂ©les skáláját vizsgáltuk termikus mĂłdszerekkel. A hĹ‘bomlásrĂłl, az Ă©gĂ©si folyamatokrĂłl, Ă©s az elgázosĂtásrĂłl nyertĂĽnk ismereteket, valamint hozzájárultunk egyes biomassza-hasznosĂtási eljárások során lejátszĂłdĂł folyamatok mĂ©lyebb megĂ©rtĂ©sĂ©hez. Olyan reakciĂłkinetikai modelleket alkalmaztunk, ill. dolgoztunk ki, melyek nagyobb mĂ©rĂ©si sorozatokon, a kĂsĂ©rleti körĂĽlmĂ©nyek szĂ©les tartományában Ărják le a vizsgált termikus reakciĂłkat, Ă©s tĂĽkröztĂ©k a vizsgált minták szerkezetĂ©nek Ă©s felĂ©pĂtĂ©sĂ©nek komplikált voltát. (2) Bioetanol gyártás tĂ©materĂĽleten öt szubsztráton (gĹ‘zrobbantással elĹ‘kezelt cukorcirok bagasz, kender, kender pozdorja Ă©s kontrollkĂ©nt kĂ©t modell szubsztrát) vizsgáltuk a Tween 80 Ă©s a PEG 4000 adalĂ©kanyagok hatását kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ hĹ‘mĂ©rsĂ©kleteken. KĂsĂ©rleteinkben kimutattuk, hogy ezen adalĂ©kanyagok hozzáadásával növelhetĹ‘ a szubsztrátok enzimes lebontásának hatĂ©konysága. Cukorcirok alapĂş technolĂłgiák anyag- Ă©s energiamĂ©rlegĂ©nek modellezĂ©sĂ©vel igazoltuk, hogy a teljes termelĂ©si idĹ‘szak alatt biztosĂtani lehet az ĂĽzem hĹ‘igĂ©nyĂ©t a mellĂ©ktermĂ©kek felhasználásával. (3) Bioszorbenseket állĂtottunk elĹ‘ lignocellulĂłz tĂpusĂş agro-hulladĂ©kokbĂłl (kiprĂ©selt repce pellet, kemĂ©nyĂtĹ‘mentes bĂşzamag) kĂ©miai mĂłdosĂtásokkal, amelyek Ăgy alkalmasak voltak szervetlen illetve szerves anyagok (szennyezĹ‘k) megkötĂ©sĂ©re. | (1) A wide range of biomass materials have been studied by thermal analysis and related methods. New knowledge was obtained on the thermal decomposition, combustion processes and gasification by CO2. The work contributed to a deeper understanding of the reactions taking place during various biomass utilization methods. Such reaction kinetic models were employed and developed that reflected the complexity of the studied materials and described larger series of experiments at various experimental conditions. (2) In the field of bioethanol production the effect of Tween 80 and PEG 4000 additives on five substrates (steam pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse, hemp, hemp hurds and two model substrates) was investigated at various temperatures. It was proven that these additives could increase the efficiency of enzymatic digestibility of these substrates. By modeling the mass and energy balances of sweet sorghum based technologies it was verified that the heat demand of the process can be covered during the whole production period by utilizing the by-products. (3) Biosorbents were prepared from lignocellulosic agricultural wastes (pressed rape seed pellet, starch free wheat seed) by chemical modifications. The products were suitable to bond organic and inorganic pollutants
Enhanced use of renewable resources: transesterification of glycerol, the byproduct of biodiesel production
Methyl esters of fatty acids (also known as biodiesel) made from transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats with
methanol, have shown a lot of promise as alternative diesel fuels. Glycerol is the inevitable byproduct of transesterification
process for which new uses need to be found. While there are existing markets for glycerol, a significant increase in
availability of glycerol, resulting from the expanded use of vegetable oils and animal fats, would destabilize glycerol
market. In this study synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate was investigated. Glycerol
carbonate is a key multifunctional compound employed as solvent, additive, monomer and chemical intermediate. Resulting
glycerol carbonate was obtained in almost quantitative yield. According to measured data a well-elaborated mathematical
model of the reactor was used for experiments can be adequate to assign parameters of kinetic equations of the assumed
reaction mechanism. Component mass balances were built into the reactor model and order of reactions was fixed