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    State of the valorization of household biowaste in large urban centers

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    En este estudio se revis贸 el estado del arte de la valorizaci贸n de biorresiduos de origen residencial (BOR) en grandes centros urbanos (GCU) de pa铆ses en desarrollo de Am茅rica Latina y el Caribe (ALC) y pa铆ses de alto ingreso econ贸mico (AIE) a nivel mundial. A partir del an谩lisis de la literatura cient铆fica y t茅cnica de entidades oficiales de los dos contextos evaluados, se estudiaron 70 GCU (37 de ALC y 33 de pa铆ses de AIE) de 34 pa铆ses. Los resultados se帽alaron que la valorizaci贸n de los BOR es una pr谩ctica establecida en al menos 27 GCU, tres de ellos en ALC y 24 en AIE de Norteam茅rica, Europa, Asia y Ocean铆a. En 茅stos se identific贸 la implementaci贸n de 14 sistemas-tipo. Aunque con diferencias entre los contextos evaluados, los m茅todos de tratamiento m谩s usados son el compostaje y la digesti贸n anaerobia. Otros m茅todos utilizados son el procesamiento t茅rmico para producci贸n de alimentos para animales y el tratamiento mec谩nico biol贸gico (TMB) con compostaje y digesti贸n anaerobia. Se evidenci贸 que los sistemas implementados producen compost (empleado principalmente en la jardiner铆a y la agricultura), energ铆a el茅ctrica, calor, combustible vehicular y alimentos para animales. Por 煤ltimo, pese a la relevancia del flujo de BOR en los GCU de ALC y los beneficios de su valorizaci贸n, los resultados de este estudio evidenciaron la predominancia de la disposici贸n final de BOR en este contexto, para el cual se recomienda establecer a los BOR como una fracci贸n prioritaria cuya valorizaci贸n debe ser la finalidad de los sistemas de gesti贸nIn the current study a literature review of household biowaste valorization in large urban centers of developing countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as high-income countries worldwide, was performed. From the analysis of scientific and technical literature of official entities of the two evaluated contexts, 70 large urban centers (37 from Latin America and the Caribbean and 33 from high-income countries), from a total of 34 countries, were studied. The results indicated that household biowaste valorization is established in at least 27 large urban centers, three of them in Latin America and the Caribbean and 24 in high-income countries of North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania. In these, the implementation of 14 type-systems was identified. Although there are differences between the evaluated contexts, the most used treatment methods are composting and anaerobic digestion. Other methods used are thermal processing for animal food production and mechanical biological treatment with composting and with anaerobic digestion. It was evidenced that the implemented systems produce compost (mainly used in gardening and agriculture), electric power, heat, vehicular fuel and animal feed. Finally, despite the relevance of the household biowaste stream in Latin America and the Caribbean large urban centers, and the benefits of its recovery, the results of this study showed the predominance of household biowaste landfilling in this context. In consequence, it is recommended to establish the household biowaste as a priority fraction whose valorization should be the primary aim of management system
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