3,337 research outputs found
Graph-theoretic Surrogate Measures for Analysing the Resilience of Water Distribution Networks
AbstractHydraulic resilience can be formulated as a measure of the ability of a water distribution network to maintain a minimum level of service under operational and failure conditions. This paper explores a hybrid approach to bridge the gap between graph-theoretic and hydraulic measures of resilience. We extend the concept of geodesic distance of a pipeline by taking into account energy losses associated with flow. New random-walk algorithms evaluate hydraulically feasible routes and identify nodes with different levels of hydraulic resilience. The nodes with the lowest scores are further analysed by considering the availability and capacity of their supply routes
Experimental realization of quantum zeno dynamics
It is generally impossible to probe a quantum system without disturbing it.
However, it is possible to exploit the back-action of quantum measurements and
strong couplings to tailor and protect the coherent evolution of a quantum
system. This is a profound and counterintuitive phenomenon known as quantum
Zeno dynamics (QZD). Here we demonstrate QZD with a rubidium Bose-Einstein
condensate in a five-level Hilbert space. We harness measurements and strong
couplings to dynamically disconnect different groups of quantum states and
constrain the atoms to coherently evolve inside a two-level subregion. In
parallel to the foundational importance due to the realization of a dynamical
superselection rule and the theory of quantum measurements, this is an
important step forward in protecting and controlling quantum dynamics and,
broadly speaking, quantum information processing.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
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