Using Selected Structural Indices to Pinpoint the Field Moisture Capacity of Some Coarse-Textured Agricultural Soils in Southeastern Nigeria

Over- or underestimation of field capacity (FC) of agricultural soils could misguide soil and water management and this might have negative agronomic and environmental impacts. The study sought to identify the moisture tension for reliably estimating in the laboratory the FC of some sandy soils with low-activity clay minerals and at different levels of structure development in Nsukka agroecological zone in southeastern Nigeria. Fifty-four samples of topand subsoils under contrasting vegetation cover at three locations in the zone were analyzed for texture, organicmatter contents, bulk density and total porosity. Saturated hydraulic conductivities (Ksat) of the samples were equallydetermined. Water-conducting and water-filled porosities at each of 0.06-, 0.10- and 0.33-bar tensions were implied from water retention data at the respective tensions. The soils were categorized based on their levels of structure development using a structural stability index [(organic matter: silt+clay) %] as follows: very low (< 4%), low (4-7.5%) and moderate to high (> 7.5%) stability soils. Series of simple correlation tests were run among the waterconducting porosities at the various tensions and the Ksat of the soils. In each case, the soil was assumed to have attained FC at that moisture tension which the associated water-conducting porosity showed significant positive correlation with the Ksat. Our results revealed that the 0.06-bar tension overestimated the FC of the soils. The 0.10-bar tension, the commonly used moisture tension for the purpose in the study area, proved suitable only for soils within the moderate to high structural stability category. From all indications, the 0.33-bar tension best corresponded to the FC of the less structurally developed soils in the other two categories. The level of soil structure development should therefore be considered before deciding the suitable moisture tension for the determination of FC of these and similar soils in other tropical locations

Telaah Film “Dance with Wolves” Melalui Teori Genre Dalam Perspektif Islam

Not many western genre films are made in the film industry, because of not many ideas can be explored. The Dance With Wolves film is a western genre film and is not made as a religious film. This film also does not intend to include Islamic principles. The most interesting is that this western genre film was made with high imagination and creativity. By using the theory of genre from Branston and Stanford, it was then studied further through the concept and living rules ??in the Al-Qur'an and Hadith. The results of this study illustrated a struggle (jihad) in the elements of the story (repertoires of elements) that united and inspired feelings. Also in the verisimilitude genre theory, a statement of belief (ilmul yaqin) raised in the truth of Allah's creation. Furthermore, through the cultural context theory, it could be seen that at-tamaddun exists

The Evolution of Islamic Preaching by the Existence of Smartphones

This study aims to get an overview of the development of Islamic Preaching through smartphones in the digital era. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenology design. This study examined the phenomenon of the booming of Preaching content on social media since Preaching through social media is currently in demand, as indicated by the emergence of a large number of the preacher, especially in Indonesia. The experience and motive of such phenomenon became the basis of this study's analysis using phenomenological methods and Alfred Schutz's theory. The results demonstrated a change in the Preaching of the preacher. The spirit of delivering Preaching (through writings) is based on two types of motives. First, individuals are eager (to) receive a blessing from Allah and be ‘ghirah.' Second, the convenience and facilities available in smartphone technology have triggered the development of social media platforms that eventually support the delivery of Preaching