Reference object for evaluating the accuracy of porosity measurements by X-ray computed tomography

Abstract Internal defects such as voids and porosity directly influence mechanical properties, durability, service life and other characteristics of industrial parts. There are several non-destructive and destructive methods for defects detection and evaluation. Recently, X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) has emerged as an effective tool for geometrical characterization of internal defects. 3D information about internal voids/porosity extracted from CT datasets can be utilized in many applications, such as production processes optimization and quality control. However, there are still challenges in using CT as a traceable method for internal voids dimensional measurements. In order to enhance the accuracy and reliability of CT porosity measurements, a metrological validation method is required. This study presents the application of a new reference object for accuracy evaluation of CT porosity measurements and discusses results obtained by using it. The reference object is made of aluminium and is composed of a cylindrical body and four cylindrical inserts with micro-milled hemispherical features of calibrated sizes resembling artificial flaws. The accuracy of porosity measurements is evaluated according to various characteristics (diameters and depths measurements errors) and repeatability of measurements. Design of experiments technique is used to investigate the influence of CT parameters settings on porosity measurement accuracy

Predictions for Muon Electric and Magnetic Dipole Moments from h→μ+μ−h \rightarrow \mu^+ \mu^- in Two-Higgs-Doublet Models with New Leptons

We calculate chirally-enhanced corrections to the muon's electric and magnetic dipole moments in two-Higgs-doublet models extended by vectorlike leptons, and we explore a sharp correlation between $h \rightarrow \mu^+ \mu^-$ and the muon's dipole moments in these models. Among many detailed predictions, for a model with new leptons with the same quantum numbers as standard model leptons, we find that $0.39 \lesssim \tan \beta \lesssim 21$ necessarily requires a muon electric dipole moment to be observed at near-future experiments, assuming $h \rightarrow \mu^+ \mu^-$ is measured within $1\%$ of the standard model prediction for the current central value of the measured muon magnetic moment. In all studied models, the predicted values of the electric dipole moment can reach up to current experimental limits. Moreover, we show that in some models there can be two sources of chiral enhancement, parameterizing the correlation between $h \rightarrow \mu^+ \mu^-$ and the dipole moments by a complex number. This leads to sign-preferred predictions for the electric dipole moment.Comment: 26 pages + 25 pages of appendices, 9 figure

Effective Field Theory of Chirally-Enhanced Muon Mass and Dipole Operators

We study corrections to observables related to the muon in the context of models of new physics which generate mass-enhanced corrections to the muon dipole moments. Working in the Standard Model effective theory, we demonstrate a correlation between the decay of the Higgs boson to muons, and the magnetic and electric dipole moments of the muon generated by the dominant matching corrections. This defines a novel way to classify predictions for a wide variety of models of new physics based on the pattern of deviations of these three observables. In particular, when applied to specific models we find that this correlation has a potential to rule out whole models or set upper bounds on the scale of new physics motivated by the muon anomalous magnetic moment.Comment: 28 pages + appendices, 8 figures. v2: Matches published versio

TME quality in rectal cancer surgery

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The concept of total mesorectal excision has revolutionised rectal cancer surgery. TME reduces the rate of local recurrence and tumour associated mortality. However, in clinical trials only 50% of the removed rectal tumours have an optimal TME quality. Patients: During a period of 36 months we performed 103 rectal resections. The majority of patients (76%; 78/103) received an anterior resection. The remaining patients underwent either abdominoperineal resection (16%; 17/103), Hartmann's procedure (6%; 6/103) or colectomy (2%; 2/103).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In 90% (93/103) TME quality control could be performed. 99% (92/93) of resected tumours had optimal TME quality. In 1% (1/93) the mesorectum was nearly complete. None of the removed tumours had an incomplete mesorectum. In 98% (91/93) the circumferential resection margin was negative. Major surgical complications occurred in 17% (18/103). 5% (4/78) of patients with anterior resection had anastomotic leakage. 17% (17/103) developed wound infections. Mortality after elective surgery was 4% (4/95).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Optimal TME quality results can be achieved in all stages of rectal cancer with a rate of morbidity and mortality comparable to the results from the literature. Future studies should evaluate outcome and local recurrence in accordance to the degree of TME quality.</p