Teknologi Penyediaan Air Minum Untuk Keadaan Tanggap Darurat

In the event of natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, floods and droughts, water occupies a key role in disaster relief. The presence of water is important for drinking, cooking and support the refugee areas of environmental sanitation and avoiding disaster victims of diseases waterborn disease. Water problem in disaster conditions may occur partly as a result: the disturbance of water sources because change of water quality, to become turbid or salty, the destruction of a piping system, treatment plant damage, disruption of distribution systems, or the scarcity of water in evacuation areas. Introduction of water quality becomes important to determine which process technology will be used and saved investments in emergency conditions. Priority handling of clean water usually comes first in the refugee areas with communal system, because the need of water for bathing, washing and toilet is big enough, while for a drink in the early events during disaster dominated by bottled water, but for their long-term, they have to boil water. For remote areas and difficult to reach individuals who usually use system more simple and easily operated. Water Supply Technology for emergency response has the characteristic 1). Able to operate with all sorts of water conditions (flexible & adaptable), 2). Can be operated easily, 3). Does not require much maintenance, 4). Little use of chemicals, and 5). Portable and easy removable (Mobile System)

Aplikasi Sistem Penyediaan Air Bersih Berbasis Masyarakat di Pulau Pandangan, Kabupaten Pangkajene, Sulawesi Selatan

Pangkajene archipelago, is archipelago comprising 117 islands scattered in the West Coast District Pangkajene. The islands were inhabited by populations ranging from 10 to 250 heads of families. Most of the population livelihood as a fisherman. To support the daily basic needs are still supplied from the mainland, including the need for clean water. Community water needs during this time a lot depends on rain water that collected or from shallow groundwater. In line with population growth, water demand increases, so frequent water shortages, especially during the dry season. Sea water treatment technology with reverse osmosis systems is an alternative to the settlement of water shortage on the island, but because the number of islands many, it will be difficult to meet the needs of water in a short time. Therefore chosen the middle position of the three islands (Cakdi Saroppe Island, Island and Island Sanane view) as a distribution center. Installed capacity for each of the islands is 10 m3/day, which can serve to the needs of drinking water a thousand people. Water treatment technology with reverse osmosis pretreatment consist of the form of multi-media filter consisting of silica sand, zeolite, and activated carbon, followed by cartride filter and a reverse osmosis membrane. Construction of the water treatment unit involves people since it began surveying best location, construction, training and initial operation. Water that has been processed can drink for everyday purposes, therefore, to support the operations of the water is sold to the public for replacement of operational money. The biggest cost needed to produce water is the cost of fuel. By managing the sale of water expected operating costs can be met and comunity get drinking water at an affordable price

Aplikasi Teknologi Sarpalam 100uf Untuk Penyediaan Air Bersih Di Dusun Dantar, Padang Cermin, Lampung

Dantar Village can be reached from Bandar Lampung in one hour. There are 250 families or around 1250 people dwell there. In Dantar, groundwater is difficult to tap, especially during dry seasons, and the water is usually turbid and salty due to hydrothermal activities at several places. Sarpalam 100 UF is the accronym of Saringan Pasir Lambat (Slow Sand Filter), which has capacity of 100 m3/day with an up flow system. Standard design for the first filtration is 6 m3/m2/day, and 4 m3/m2/day for second one, with media 1 m thickness. Sarpalam 100 UF utilizes double system is intended to keep the running even though the whole unit is being cleaned. The unit is also equippped with top and bottom flushing systems to ease maintenance. The water processed comes from Way Sanggi Rivers situated 300 m from the location of the equipment, with an elevation difference of 4,5 m. Its watercatchment uses branching porous pipe, submerged in the ground, so a constant water supply can be maintained although a flood is coming. The Sarpalam 100UF has operated for 2 months and its distribution network development is underway

Proses Denitrifikasi Dengan Sistem Biofilter Untuk Pengolahan Air Limbah Yang Mengandung Nitrat

Industri yang mengeluarkan limbah amoniak merupakan jenis industri yangcukup banyak keberadaannya di Indonesia, oleh sebab itu suatu penelitian dan pengkajian pengolahan limbah amoniak akan bermanfaat untuk memberi masukan pada pihak pemerintah maupun pihak industri dalam menjaga kelestarian liangkungan perairan. Penelitian dan pengkajian pengolahan limbah amoniak konsentrasi tinggi telah dilakukan dengan cara biologis menggunakan reaktor biofilter tercelup. Pemilihan sistem ini karena telah diketahui cara biologis adalah cara yang paling ekonomis dan reaktor biofilter tercelup merupakan sistem yang mudah dioperasikan dengan hasil yang cukup optimal. Pengolahan limbah amoniak dilaksanakan melalui dua proses yaitu proses nitrifikasi dan proses denitrifikasi. Pada percobaan terdahulu telah dilakukan percobaan penurunan amonia dengan proses nitrifikasi dan berhasil baik, dan percobaan kali ini prosesnya adalah denitrifikasi. Proses denitrifikasi bertujuan untuk menghilangkan senyawa nitrit dan nitrat, sehingga pada akhirnya hasil olahan air limbah yang keluar telah bebas dari senyawa nitrat dan selanjutnya dapat dibuang ke perairan umum. Hasil percobaan proses denitrifikasi menghasilkan penurunan rata-rata nitrit 100% dan nitrat 99%, dengan volume reaktor 45 liter, kapasitas maximum 4,8 liter/jam dan waktu tinggal 72 jam. Kemampuan optimal biofilter dalam menurunkan nitrat adalah 5351 mg/liter/m3 media biofilter, dengan waktu tinggal optimal 3 hari

Penyediaan Air Bersih Berbasis Kelembagaan dan Masyarakat Studi Kasus di Kepulauan Pangkajene, Sulawesi Selatan

Pangkep Island consist of 117 Island, situated in Southwest Makasar City, South Sulawesi. These islands supply fish and other marine commodity to the people who lives in nearby town. Unfortunately, they always lack of water, especially at the long dry season. Usually at rainy season, they collect water from the roof tile to storage tank. But at the long dry season the reserve water in not enough to fulfill daily needs. So it is necessary to applied some technology to create fresh water in some island. One of Island that has chosen as a pilot project is Pandangan Island. Pandangan Island can be achieved from Pangkep City only five hours using tradisional ship. The population around 1200 people and most of them are fisherman. At the long dry season they always lack of fresh water. The reverse osmosis system, capacity 10 m3/day, has been chosen as technology to overcome water problem in Pandangan Island. For remote area, it is assume only 5 liter/day/capita is enough, so the system could fulfill up to 2000 people. The equipment installed in the central Island, using shallow well as a intake water. The efficiency salt reduction is 95 – 98% and recovery ratio 15 – 35%. The establishment of committee is important to manage operasional of reverse osmosis system. Committee usually consist of 2 technical person and 1 management person, and they come from local people and well train, beside they also should have ability to sell the product water to surrounding island with competitive price. It's need big effort to build sea water treatment in each island, so the priority should be determined, especially for crowded, populated and remote island such as Pandangan