The prognostic value of lymph nodes mRNA CXCL12 expression in the breast cancer

Prognosis of breast carcinoma is influenced by age, tumor size, histological grade and type, lymph node status, as well as metastasic status. Chemokine receptor CXCR-4 with its ligand, CXCL-12, may play an important role in metastasis of breast carcinoma. However, the role of CXCL-12 mRNA as a prognostic factor and a therapeutic target of human breast cancer remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the level of CXCL-12 mRNA expression in lymph nodes of patients with invasive ductal breast carcinoma and the difference within the prognostic factors. Axillary lymph nodes obtained from 50 cases of invasive ductal breast carcinoma, were divided into two groups, with and without lymph node metastasis. Each group consisted of 25 cases. Total RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded. The CXCL-12 mRNA expression was examined using qRT-PCR method. The mean differences between the two groups were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. The differences between CXCL-12 mRNA expression and each prognostic factor ware analyzed using Mann-Whitney comparison test. CXCL-12 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the lymph node of patients with metastasis of breast carcinoma compared to the non-metastasis cases (p<0.01). There were significant differences between CXCL-12 mRNA expression with poorly histological grade (p=0.003), bigger primary tumor size (p=0.005) and age of ≥45 y.o (p=0.012) in the metastatic group, but there were no significant differences between both age of <45 and ≥45 y.o.This study suggests that the higher CXCL-12 mRNA expression level are associated with bigger tumor size and poor differentiation in breast cancer patient with lymph nodes metastasis

Role of methylprednisolone on mRNA expression of BAX, BCL-2 genein testicular torsion-detorsion of male albino Wistar rats

Study Background : Testicular torsion is a genitourinary emergency most common in children and emergencies requiring second surgery in adolescents after acute appendicitis1. Testicular torsion is more common on the left with a 1.2: 1 ratio, which is probably caused by a slightly longer spermatic cord on the left2. Testicular torsion can occur at any age, but the peak incidence is at age 14, with a peak of second occurrence at 1 year of age3. At 1 year of age, testicular torsion is a major cause of acute scrotum (83%). At the age of 3 - 13 years, the most frequent diagnosis is the torsion of the testicular appendix. After the age of 17 years, epididymitis is the most frequent diagnosis (75%)4. Method: This study is an experimental study, post-test only control group design, the sample was randomly divided into 4 groups, 2 intervention groups and 2 control groups. In this study the independent variables are the duration of the right torsion-detection treatment of the testes and the injection of Methylprednisolone in Wistar male rats. The dependent variables are mRNA expression in apoptosis and anti-apoptosis genes in rats’ ipsilateral and contralateral testes. . Results and Discussion: In this study, two-way ANOVA is used to analyze data between groups. Significant decrease in BAX gene mRNA expression (

Polyherbal formulation containing Saoropus androgynous, Trigonella foenum-graceum, and Moringa oleifera increased the expression of mRNA smooth muscle α-actin (ACTA2) and cytokeratin 14 (CK14) in lactating rats

Polyherbal formulation (PHF) containing extracts of Sauropus androgynous, Trigonella foenum-graceum and Moringa oleifera has been proven can induce milk production in animal model. However, its molecular of action has not been elucidated, yet. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the PHF on the mRNA expressions of α-actin smooth muscle (ACTA2) and cytokeratin 14 (CK14) on the myoepithelial cells of the lactating rats mammary glands. Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into five groups with six of each. Group I was orally administered aquadest. Group II, III, and IV rats were orally administered the PHF at dose level of 26.25, 52.5, and 105 mg/kg once a day, for 15 days, respectively. Group V was orally administered 2.7 mg domperidone. On 16th day, rats were sacrificed. Mammary glands were isolated and processed for mRNA expression analysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results demonstrated that the mRNA expression of ACTA2 and CK14 increased in dose-dependent manner in the groups of PHF. Significantly different between the Group III, IV, and V compared to Group I was observed (p 0.05). In conclusion, the PHF increases the mRNA expression of ACTA2 and CK14 on myoepithelial cells of the mammary glands on lactating rats

Evaluation of oxidative stress levels using glutathione peroxidase (GPx) expression on hyperglycemia-induced rats testis

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem with an estimated 422 million cases worldwide. Previous studies reported a correlation between hyperglycemia and oxidative stress‐related male infertility in DM. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) can cause DNA damage due to oxidative reactions. Therefore, it could be used as potential indicator of antioxidant therapy. The study aimed to evaluate the expression level of GPx on the hyperglycemia-induced rats. This was an experimental case-control study using 27 Wistar rats divided into three groups i.e. hyperglycemia induction for four weeks group, eight weeks group, and a control group with no intervention. Following after induction, total RNA from the rats' testis was extracted, and GPx expression was analyzed using qPCR. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and a p 0.05). In conclusion, hyperglycemia increases GPx mRNA expression in rats. It may change the testicular environment's oxidative processes and impairs male reproductive function in the Sertoli cells with no exception

Cytologic diagnostic approach of pleuropulmonary blastoma: a case report

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a very rare pediatric lung tumor that arises in the pulmonary parenchyma, mediastinum, and pleura. The tumor has rapid disease progression and therefore the prognosis is remarkably poor. We reported a 4-year-old girl who complained of high fever and shortness of breath for the past 8 weeks. The patient was referred from the previous hospital with a pulmonary mass. CT scan of the chest with contrast showed a solid cystic mass with necrotic areas in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd segments of the left lung with sized 4.8 x 8.1 x 6.6 cm3. As the tumor mass was inoperable, an ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was conducted to diagnose the pulmonary lesion. We concluded that the lung tumor was a PPB based on FNAB cytology and immunocytochemistry staining. The histopathology feature of PPB appeared similar to fetal lung tissue. Cytologic features obtained from fine-needle aspiration cytology smears and cell blocks followed by immunocytochemistry assay could provide a proper and accurate diagnosis in an inoperable surgical pathology case

mRNA expression of CYP17A1, CYP11A1, CYP19A1, HSD3B1 and AKR1C2 in metastatic and non-metastatic prostate cancer patients

The progression of prostate cancer (PCa) mainly occurs caused by androgens. There is a linkbetween intratumoral steroidogenesis and castration-resistant prostate cancer. This studyaimed to determine the mRNA expression of various steroidogenic enzymes (CYP17A1,CYP11A1, CYP19A1, HSD3B1, and AKR1C2) in metastatic and non-metastatic prostatecancer patients. This study was conducted at the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory andUrologi Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing,Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta from September-November 2017. Samples were taken from 30 paraffin blocks with adenocarcinoma ofprostate, stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and then classified into metastatic and nonmetastaticgroups. Samples then underwent deparaffinization procedure and examinationof mRNA expression of CYP17A1, CYP11A1, CYP19A1, HSD3B1, AKR1C2 genes usingReal-Time PCR. The mean mRNA expressions of CYP11A1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1,HSD3B1, and AKR1C2 genes in the metastatic adenocarcinoma prostate group were 7.08,10.11, 3.94, 4.84 and 3.58, respectively. In the non-metastatic group, the mean mRNAexpressions of CYP11A1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, HSD3B1, and AKR1C2 genes were 4.62,9.45, 3.46, 2.68 and 4.92, respectively. The mean of mRNA expression of CYP11A1,CYP17A1, CYP19A1, and HSD3B1 genes were higher in the metastatic group than nonmetastaticadenocarcinoma prostate group. However, it was not statistically significant(p>0.05). The highest mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes was the CYP17A1gene. In conclusion, the mRNA expressions of CYP17A1, CYP11A1, CYP19A1, HSD3B1were higher in the metastatic prostate cancer patients compared to that in non-metastaticprostate cancer patients but statistically not significant

The predictive factor for conjunctival melanoma recurrence

Conjunctival melanoma potentially deadly tumor. While many cases of conjunctival melanoma appeared to be a recurrence, there is no valid data about parameters to predict the recurrence of this tumor. This study intended to evaluate whether histopathologic features can be used as a predictor for recurrence in conjunctival melanoma. This was a retrospective study, involving patients with conjunctival melanoma by the year 2013-1017 in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital and Dr. Yap Eye Hospital, Yogyakarta. Patient’s characteristic was determined by age, sex, laterality, tumor size, tumor location, histopathological dominancy, MMC application, recurrence, and metastases. Sixteen cases were found: male (62.5%) and female (37.5%). Age from 5-79 years, mean was 56.19 years. Tumor location was in bulbar in 11 patients (68.7%), palpebral in 5 patients (31.3%).There was significant association between metastasis and the tumor recurrence (OR 13.0; 95% CI 1.9-85.4; p = 0.007). A favorable trend of association was also found between location and the recurrence of melanoma (OR 15.0; 95% CI 0.9-228.8; p = 0.06). In summary, our study showed that the patients that developing distant metastasis were at a greater risk for tumor recurrence

Sinonasal or nasopharyngeal undifferentiated Carcinoma?: diagnostic pitfall and the role of Epstein-Barrvirus (EBV) and human papillomavirus(HPV) examination

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the head and neck is frequently observed in nasopharynx, however it may also occur in oropharynx, salivary gland and sinonasal. Overlapping lesions in those regionscreate difficulty in determining the origin of the tumor. Thus, it causes diagnostic pitfall not only for pathologists, but also for clinicians. A 40 yearold man, presented with nasal obstruction, epistaxis, diplopia, and headache for a yearand showed nasal cavitysinistra and nasopharynx masses on CT-scan. Lymph node enlargement was not detected. First biopsywas performed and histopathologically diagnosed as nasopharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma(NPC), extended into nasal cavity. Chemo-radiation protocol for NPC was conducted, and showing uncomplete response. Second biopsy was done, and reviewed with the first biopsy result. Thetumourwas arranged insolid, syncytial and trabecular pattern, with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and lack of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrat. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of p16, EBNA1 and LMP1 were negative. PCR analysis of HPV-18 was positive, while EBV detection showed negative result. General association of EBV with NPC suggests that the presence of latent EBV infection can serve as a positive marker for NPC. Therefore, in this case, the EBV negativity and strong HPV association led to diagnosis of SNUC. The distinction of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) or from NPC was important for appropriate management and therapy

Expression of circulating miR-200c and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) mRNA as potential biomarker in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common liver disease that causes significant publichealth problems throughout the world, including in Indonesia. The HCC is the six mostcommon cancers and second cancer-related deaths among men in the world. Recentlyit was reported that the microRNA is an important player in hepatocarcinogenesis. Theexpression of MiRNA-200c is often regulated in primary HCC and HCC cell lines. Vascularendothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a regulator of angiogenesis that has been reportedas miR-200c target gene. This study was conducted to measure expression levels in miR-200c and mRNAVEGF-A and their potential role as biomarkers at HCC. A total of 36HCC patients and 36 healthy subjects were included in this study. The relative expressionof miRNA-200c and mRNA VEGF-A was quantified using reverse transcription real timequantitative PCR (qRT PCR). Relative expression was calculated using . Unpaired t-testwas used to compare the expression levels of circulating miRNA-200c and mRNA VEGF-Ain HCC patients and healthy subjects. Pearson test was used to determine correlationbetween circulating miR-200c expression and mRNA VEGF-A expression levels. Theexpression levels of circulating miR-200c in HCC patients were lower compared to healthysubjects although it was not significant (p = 0.258). Conversely, the expression levelsof circulating mRNA VEGF-A in HCC patients were significantly higher compared tohealthy subjects (p = 0.001). The relative expression levels of circulating miR-200c werenegatively correlated with mRNA VEGF-A in HCC patients. In conclusion, the expressionlevels of mRNA VEGF-A in HCC patients are significantly deregulated in compared tothat in healthy subjects. Negative correlation between circulating miRN-200c and mRNAVEGF-A expression levels are reported in HCC patients

Acute toxicity of the galactagogue phytomedicine containing Sauropus androgynous, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Moringa oleifera

This study aims to evaluate acute toxicity of the herbal preparation on rats as an early step to evaluate its safety. This study used 25 females Rattus norvegicus strain Sprague Dawley rats aged 8 weeks with a body weight of at least 120 g divided into 5 groups of doses of herbal preparation (0/aquadest, 50, 300, 2,000, 5,000) mg/kg BW. After administration of the herbal preparation, rats were observed using a camera continuously for 14 days and manual observation intensively for the first 24 hours and then once a day for up to 14 days. The toxic effects including death, behavioral changes, neural symptoms, and other abnormalitieswere recorded. The weight of the rats was monitored every three days. On the 15th day, the rats were sacrificed to collect vital organs for macroscopic and histopathological examinations. The LD50 was estimated based on OECD Guideline. No mortality and significant toxicity signs in any of the rats after receiving the herbal formula at highest dose of 5000 mg/kg was reported during the 14-day observation period. Bodyweight and organ weight did not show significant variation between controls and treatment groups. In addition, no abnormalities of liver, heart and lungs were also observed in macroscopic and histopathological examinations. In conclusion, the herbal preparation shows the LD50 of greater than 5,000 mg/kg can be classified as category 5 or unclassified. Further sub chronic toxicity study will be conducted to evaluate its safety after repeated exposure