Preoperative plasma growth-differentiation factor-15 for prediction of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Covariate plot of the predictions from the random forest model. Four variables are displayed. Within each box, the x-axis denotes plasma creatinine (Îźmol/l), the y-axis the probability of developing cardiac-surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). Within each column of plots, the additive Euroscore increases from bottom to top (legend, right). Within each row of plots the growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) levels increase from left to right. Significant non-linear interaction takes place between GDF-15 and creatinine. Within each additive Euroscore category (row of plots), increases in GDF-15 (plots more to the right within each row) increase the probability of developing CSA-AKI. However, this effect is more prominent in patients with normal creatinine (x-axis label of each plot). (TIFF 3197 kb