27,999 research outputs found
Rational Decision-Making in Business Organizations
Lecture to the memory of Alfred Nobel, December 8, 1978decision making;
High current/high power beam experiments from the space station
In this overview, on the possible uses of high power beams aboard the space station, the advantages of the space station as compared to previous space vehicles are considered along with the kind of intense beams that could be generated, the possible scientific uses of these beams and associated problems. This order was delibrately chosen to emphasize that the means, that is, the high power particle ejection devices, will lead towards the possible ends, scientific measurements in the Earth's upper atmosphere using large fluxes of energetic particles
Fabrication of Thin Film Heat Flux Sensors
Prototype thin film heat flux sensors have been constructed and tested. The sensors can be applied to propulsion system materials and components. The sensors can provide steady state and fast transient heat flux information. Fabrication of the sensor does not require any matching of the mounting surface. Heat flux is proportional to the temperature difference across the upper and lower surfaces of an insulation material. The sensor consists of an array of thermocouples on the upper and lower surfaces of a thin insulating layer. The thermocouples for the sensor are connected in a thermopile arrangement. A 100 thermocouple pair heat flux sensor has been fabricated on silicon wafers. The sensor produced an output voltage of 200-400 microvolts when exposed to a hot air heat gun. A 20 element thermocouple pair heat flux sensor has been fabricated on aluminum oxide sheet. Thermocouples are Pt-Pt/Rh with silicon dioxide as the insulating material. This sensor produced an output of 28 microvolts when exposed to the radiation of a furnace operating at 1000 C. Work is also underway to put this type of heat flux sensor on metal surfaces
Properties of Cooperatively Induced Phases in Sensing Models
A large number of eukaryotic cells are able to directly detect external
chemical gradients with great accuracy and the ultimate limit to their
sensitivity has been a topic of debate for many years. Previous work has been
done to understand many aspects of this process but little attention has been
paid to the possibility of emergent sensing states. Here we examine how
cooperation between sensors existing in a two dimensional network, as they do
on the cell's surface, can both enhance and fundamentally alter the response of
the cell to a spatially varying signal. We show that weakly interacting sensors
linearly amplify the sensors response to an external gradient while a network
of strongly interacting sensors form a collective non-linear response with two
separate domains of active and inactive sensors forming what have called a
"1/2-state" . In our analysis we examine the cell's ability to sense the
direction of a signal and pay special attention to the substantially different
behavior realized in the strongly interacting regime.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Carbanions. II. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study of Meisenheimer complexes and their charge distribution pattern
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