Vagus nerve stimulation may be a sound therapeutic option in the treatment of refractory epilepsy

INTRODUCTION: Refractory epilepsy accounts for 20 to 30% of epilepsy cases and remains a challenge for neurologists. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an option for palliative treatment. OBJECTIVE: It was to study the efficacy and tolerability of VNS in patients implanted with a stimulator at the Curitiba Institute of Neurology (INC). METHODS: A case study of six patients with refractory epilepsy submitted to a VNS procedure at the INC in the last four years was described and discussed. RESULTS: Mean age at time of implantation was 29 years. Mean follow-up was 26.6 months. Seizure frequency decreased in all patients (40-50% (n=2) and >80% (n=4)). Three patients no longer required frequent hospitalizations. Two patients previously restricted to wheelchairs started to walk, probably because of improved mood. CONCLUSION: In this population, VNS proved to be a sound therapeutic option for treating refractory epilepsy

Syncope or epileptic fits? Some examples of diagnostic confounding factors Síncopes ou crises epilépticas? Alguns exemplos de fatores de confusão diagnóstica

Syncope is a condition often misdiagnosed as epileptic seizures. However, the differential diagnosis between both conditions can be quite difficult, even for well-trained physicians. Four cases of epilepsy and/or syncope are reported, to exemplify this situation. Each case is discussed individually, and the confounding factors are analyzed.Síncope é uma condição freqüentemente diagnosticada equivocadamente como crise epiléptica. No entanto, existem algumas situações nas quais a diferenciação entre ambas pode ser difícil até mesmo para alguns médicos ou especialistas bastante familiarizados com essas condições. Quatro casos de pacientes com epilepsia e/ou síncope procuraram os autores para elucidação diagnóstica. Cada caso é discutido individualmente, assim como os potenciais fatores de confusão são analisados