A review of the dermatological cases occurring in a year's work in general practice with notes on the changes in incidence and treatment during the past twenty years

Men who have been engaged in general practice during the past twenty years have witnessed many changes and many advances in all branches of medical science, and in no way has dermatology lagged behind.Changes in the incidence of skin diseases have been many.Impetigo Contagiosa, Scabies, Ringworm of the Scalp, Favus, Pediculosis (Corporis and Capitis), Occupational Dermatitis, Tuberculous-Affections of the skin, Tinae Barbae, and Syphilitic Lesions all show marked decrease in the number of cases presented for treatment.Many influences are at work to bring this about. Teachers in the local schools co-operate whole-heartedly with the Medical Officers appointed by the Education Authority in their efforts to stamp out the first five of the above-mentioned diseases. Physicians and Nurses working under the directions of the Medical Officer of Health render yeoman service at the baby clinics.Both employers and employees find it is to their mutual advantage to fight against dermatitis due to trade conditions

Functionalized tetrazoles as latent active esters in the synthesis of amide bonds

We report the use of N-2,4-dinitrophenyltetrazoles as latent active esters (LAEs) in the synthesis of amide bonds. Activating the tetrazole generates an HOBt-type active ester without the requirement for exogenous coupling agents. The methodology was widely applicable to a range of substrates, with up to quantitative yields obtained. The versatility and functional group tolerance were exemplified with the one-step synthesis of various pharmaceutical agents, and the N-acylation of resin bound peptides

Accuracy of the Mologic COVID-19 rapid antigen test: a prospective multi-centre analytical and clinical evaluation

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the reliance on antigen detection rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs). Their evaluation at point of use is a priority. Methods: Here, we report a multi-centre evaluation of the analytical sensitivity, specificity, and clinical accuracy of the Mologic COVID-19 Ag-RDT by comparing to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results from individuals with and without COVID-19 symptoms. Participants had attended hospitals in Merseyside, hospital and ambulance services in Yorkshire, and drive-through testing facilities in Northumberland, UK. Results: The limit of detection of the Mologic COVID-19 Ag-RDT was 5.0 x 102 pfu/ml in swab matrix with no cross-reactivity and interference for any other pathogens tested. A total of 347 participants were enrolled from 26th of November 2020 to 15th of February 2021 with 39.2% (CI 34.0-44.6) testing RT-qPCR positive for SARS-CoV-2. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the Mologic Ag-RDT compared to the reference SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR were 85.0% (95% CI 78.3-90.2) and 97.8% (95.0-99.3), respectively. Sensitivity was stratified by RT-qPCR cycle threshold (Ct) and 98.4% (91.3-100) of samples with a Ct less than 20 and 93.2% (86.5-97.2) of samples with a Ct less than 25 were detected using the Ag-RDT. Clinical accuracy was stratified by sampling strategy, swab type and clinical presentation. Mologic COVID-19 Ag-RDT demonstrated highest sensitivity with nose/throat swabs compared with throat or nose swabs alone; however, the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Overall, the Mologic test had high diagnostic accuracy across multiple different settings, different demographics, and on self-collected swab specimens. These findings suggest the Mologic rapid antigen test may be deployed effectively across a range of use settings

Firm relocation, suburbanization, and central city conditions: A disaggregated analysis

The decentralization of employment from central cities to the suburbs in U.S. metropolitan areas has been an active area of research in urban economics for many years. A key policy question has been whether the location and relocation decisions of firms are significantly influenced by state and local fiscal conditions. Unfortunately, many theoretical models used to assess these issues have been highly aggregated, using locations as the unit of analysis instead of firms themselves. In addition, the econometric models used have not clearly related to the theoretical issues, and data limitations have even further compromised the analyses. In an effort to lessen some of these problems, the dissertation utilizes a disaggregated analysis, based on a large database containing both firm-level information and detailed economic data for small geographic areas. The richness of the data, together with a naturally chosen theoretical/econometric model, increases the number of research questions that can be investigated, going beyond the usual emphasis placed upon assessing fiscal influences on firm location. The pattern of employment relocation in the Philadelphia metropolitan area is examined to illustrate the model. The construction of the database used in the analysis is discussed in a separate section. As of September 1, 1991, a version of this database is publicly available through the Wharton Real Estate Center at the University of Pennsylvania

Firm relocation, suburbanization, and central city conditions: A disaggregated analysis

The decentralization of employment from central cities to the suburbs in U.S. metropolitan areas has been an active area of research in urban economics for many years. A key policy question has been whether the location and relocation decisions of firms are significantly influenced by state and local fiscal conditions. Unfortunately, many theoretical models used to assess these issues have been highly aggregated, using locations as the unit of analysis instead of firms themselves. In addition, the econometric models used have not clearly related to the theoretical issues, and data limitations have even further compromised the analyses. In an effort to lessen some of these problems, the dissertation utilizes a disaggregated analysis, based on a large database containing both firm-level information and detailed economic data for small geographic areas. The richness of the data, together with a naturally chosen theoretical/econometric model, increases the number of research questions that can be investigated, going beyond the usual emphasis placed upon assessing fiscal influences on firm location. The pattern of employment relocation in the Philadelphia metropolitan area is examined to illustrate the model. The construction of the database used in the analysis is discussed in a separate section. As of September 1, 1991, a version of this database is publicly available through the Wharton Real Estate Center at the University of Pennsylvania