Detection limits of the DH and TSPE-UH suspension array formats.

a<p>Values displayed represent the lowest DNA concentration at which 95% of the positive samples are detected, as calculated by using probit analysis. ND = not determined.</p

Typical results from DH and TSPE-UH suspension microarrays detecting select pathogens.

<p>Two 17-plex bead arrays were developed for the detection of <i>B. anthracis</i> (Ba), <i>F. tularensis</i> (Ft), <i>Y. pestis</i> (Yp), <i>C. burnetii</i> (Cb) and an internal control for DNA extraction and microarray detection (Bt). The microarrays were based on (<b>A</b>) direct hybridization (DH), or (<b>B</b>) target specific primer extension combined with universal microarray hybridization (TSPE-UH) assay formats. Both microarrays make use of identical amplification products from a 16-plex asymmetric PCR. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) is displayed for the different probes that are given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031958#pone-0031958-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

DH suspension microarray measurement showing minor cross-reactivity.

<p>Three <i>Y. pestis</i> strains (Yp) and the no template control (NTC) are shown from a DH measurement. Probe <i>isf</i> showed a minor signal when a high load of <i>Y. pestis</i> genomic DNA was amplified.</p

Oligonucleotides used for amplification and labeling of signature sequences and as fixed probes.

a<p>Excess primer = X, Limiting primer = L.</p>b<p><i>F. tularensis</i> subspecies <i>tularensis</i> yields amplicon of 307 bp, subspecies <i>novicida</i> and <i>mediasiatica</i> of 451 bp.</p

Detection of mixed pathogens by using DH and TSPE-UH suspension microarrays.

<p>Genomic DNA from <i>B. anthracis</i> (Ba), <i>F. tularensis</i> (Ft), <i>Y. pestis</i> (Yp), <i>C. burnetii</i> (Cb) was mixed in different ratios and measured by using DH (<b>A</b>) and TSPE-UH (<b>B</b>) microarrays. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) is displayed for the different pathogen-specific probes (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031958#pone-0031958-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>). The detection of one pathogen is not impeded by the detection of the other targeted pathogens.</p

Characteristics of symptomatic pertussis patients.

<p>Characteristics of symptomatic pertussis patients.</p

Allele frequencies and OR for the <i>VDR</i>, <i>TNFα</i>, <i>IL17</i>, <i>MBL2</i> and <i>IL10</i> SNPs in the pertussis patient group and control group.

<p>Allele frequencies and OR for the <i>VDR</i>, <i>TNFα</i>, <i>IL17</i>, <i>MBL2</i> and <i>IL10</i> SNPs in the pertussis patient group and control group.</p

Association <i>VDR</i> SNP with pertussis in patients with symptoms that persisted for longer than 4 weeks.

<p>Association <i>VDR</i> SNP with pertussis in patients with symptoms that persisted for longer than 4 weeks.</p

Distribution of <i>VDR</i> genotypes and alleles in the pertussis patient group according to the reported duration of symptoms.

<p>Distribution of <i>VDR</i> genotypes and alleles in the pertussis patient group according to the reported duration of symptoms.</p

Genotype frequencies and OR for the <i>VDR</i>, <i>TNFα</i>, <i>IL17</i>, <i>MBL2</i> and <i>IL10</i> SNPs in the pertussis patient group and control group.

<p>Genotype frequencies and OR for the <i>VDR</i>, <i>TNFα</i>, <i>IL17</i>, <i>MBL2</i> and <i>IL10</i> SNPs in the pertussis patient group and control group.</p