Errors in transrectal ultrasonic planimetry of the prostate: Computer simulation of volumetric errors applied to a screening population

Three systemic errors in routine ultrasonic planimetric volume measurements of the prostate were assessed. A computer model using ellipsoids was used to simulate the step section technique and different forms of rotational movements of the prostate during planimetry. The planimetric volume was up to 12% smaller than the exact volume, depending on the degree of rotational movement, the shape, and the length of the ellipsoid. In vivo study of a screening popul

Greenhouse gas reporting for the LULUCF sector in the Netherlands : methodological background, update 2016

This report provides a complete methodological description and background information of the DutchNational System for Greenhouse gas Reporting of the LULUCF sector. It provides detailed description of themethodologies, activity data and emission factors that were used. Additionally it gives a table-by-tableelaboration of the choices and motivations for filling the CRF tables for KP-LULUC

Ability to cause erythema migrans differs between Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates

Background: Lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. The variety of characteristic and non-specific clinical manifestations is partially explained by its genetic diversity. We investigated the ability of B. burgdorferi sl isolates to cause erythema migrans. Methods. The genetic constellation of isolates from ticks was compared to isolates found in erythema migrans. PCR and sequence analysis was performed on the plasmid-encoded ospC and the chromosomal 5S-23S rDNA spacer region (IGS). Results: Seven different B. burgdorferi sl genospecies were identified in 152 borrelia isolates from ticks and erythema migrans biopsies. B afzelii (51%) and B. garinii (27%) were the most common in ticks. From the 44 sequences obtained from erythema migrans samples 42 were B. afzelii, one B. garinii and one B. bavariensis. Significant associations with erythema migrans formation were found for four IGS and two ospC types. Five from 45 ospC types were associated with more than one genospecies. Conclusions: B. burgdorferi sl isolates differ in their propensity to cause erythema migrans. These differences were also found within genospecies. In other words, although B. afzelii was mostly associated with erythema migrans, some B. afzelii isolates had a low ability to cause erythema migrans. Our data further support the occurrence of plasmid exchange between borrelia genospecies under natural conditions