Goat breeding and herds health status in the Northeast area of Romania – a short review

The goat is a species that managed to attract attention to the breeders due to the fact that they are suitable for an efficient holding in small households, have a high lactogenic capacity, high prolificacy, precocity and high degree of adaptability and resistance, occupying areas where the natural resources and field conditions do not allow the growth of other species, which is why the goat herds in our country is constantly growing. Thus, the goat population in Romania increased from 1009794 animals in 2005 to 2057309 in December 2018. Our country occupying the third place in the hierarchy of Member States of the European Union, in 2019, following countries with tradition in the goat breeding, such as United Kingdom and Spain. The most numerous are the Carpathian native goats and Banat White, a crossbreed obtained from the Carpathian and Saanen breeds, followed by French Alpine and Saanen, imported lately to improve milk production. To date, in Romanian literature had been reported researches on the subject of diseases and health problems in goats, there are studies on paratuberculosis, contagious ecthyma, infectious respiratory disorders, gangrenous mastitis, contagious agalactia, bluetongue, caprine arthritis and encephalitis, and parasitic infections as coccidiosis, tapeworm (Monezia, Cestoda) and round worms (Nematoda - Trichostrongylus sp.) infestation, etc. Although Romania has a national program for urveillance and control program for goat health status, the problems in livestock goat diagnosed and published in recent years, are poor and changing, unsystematic and insufficient. The epidemiological situation in Romania has undergone significant changes in recent years, our country is the southeastern border of the European Union, which implies an increased risk for all major animal diseases and, of course, monitoring programs and greater control than in other Member States of the European Union. An effective animal health program is an essential part of a successful dairy goat management program

PREVALENCE, ECONOMIC IMPACT AND THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY IN ACUTE INFECTIOUS PODODERMATITIS IN SHEEP

This study assessed seasonal incidence, economic losses, the efficacy of therapeutic protocols, the recovery time of affected animals and specific prophylactic measures applied to sheep with acute infectious pododermatitis. The studies were conducted over a period of 12 months in 3 different sheep farms from private units in the same area. The results of the study showed an increased incidence of the disease in all 3 farms, with an average of 26.94% of the sheep flock. The incidence of the disease was increased in the months of April-May-June-July and September-October (30%), when there were heavy rains. The high morbidity led to economic losses through the decrease in milk production by approximately 30% and the decrease in the weight of the sheep by 10.58% (4.2 kg) of their normal weight. The therapeutic protocol applied locally as well as parenterally, combined with a foot bath with 10% zinc sulphate solution, were effective in treating acute infectious pododermatitis of sheep. The average recovery time (days) was approximately the same in the three groups of sheep (5.25 ± 0.68 days for cases with moderate diseases and 10.2 ± 0.22 for cases with severe diseases)

Genetic diversity in Babesia canis and associated comorbidities can be fatal in dogs` babesiosis – a case study

The aim of this paper is to briefly present some aspects of Babesia spp. taxonomy, incidence, clinical signs of their infection, and possibilities of prevention, as an introduction to a case study of canine babesiosis presentation. A 7-yearold Malinois dog was presented in August 2020 with signs of generalized icterus, high body temperature and mustard urine, all of them indicating babesiosis. Cytological examination confirmed the large Babesia canis spp., and the biochemical investigations revealed renal and hepatic failure. Although the therapeutic protocol included the specific antidote, imidocarb dipropionate – Imizol® (0.5 ml/10 kg body weight, in a single dose), fluid therapy, vitamin therapy, an antiemetic drug, and supplements for renal and hepatic functions sustaining, the investigated dog died. The postmortem investigation revealed generalized icterus. We consider the delaying of dog presentation at vet an important factor of this outcome; although an infection with various subspecies of Babesia canis was not excluded, the therapeutic intervention would have been the same

Prevalence, economic impact and therapeutic efficacy in acute infectious pododermatitis in sheep

This study assessed seasonal incidence, economic losses, the efficacy of therapeutic protocols, the recovery time of affected animals and specific prophylactic measures applied to sheep with acute infectious pododermatitis. The studies were conducted over a period of 12 months in 3 different sheep farms from private units in the same area. The results of the study showed an increased incidence of the disease in all 3 farms, with an average of 26.94% of the sheep flock. The incidence of the disease was increased in the months of April-May-June-July and September-October (30%), when there were heavy rains. The high morbidity led to economic losses through the decrease in milk production by approximately 30% and the decrease in the weight of the sheep by 10.58% (4.2 kg) of their normal weight. The therapeutic protocol applied locally as well as parenterally, combined with a foot bath with 10% zinc sulphate solution, were effective in treating acute infectious pododermatitis of sheep. The average recovery time (days) was approximately the same in the three groups of sheep (5.25 ± 0.68 days for cases with moderate diseases and 10.2 ± 0.22 for cases with severe diseases)

Observations on the effectiveness of post-operative administration of nutrients and fluids in dogs and cats

It is estimated that thousands of surgeries are taking place in dogs and cats every year. Today, major trauma associated with operations is minimal due to modern techniques, but nevertheless, the patient's body requires a recovery period, and nutrition is one of the important elements that can speed up the process of healing in many ways, by providing the necessary protein and energy to the body. Pain relief as well as balancing the body after surgery, especially in serious situations, is important for the patient's well-being and comfort, as they contribute to its faster and more effective recovery. The postoperative period in animals requires special attention to the pursuit of the operated patient and the immediate treatment of possible imbalances and complications that may occur. Pain, hypothermia, shock, vomiting, nerve phenomena (excessive vocalizations) are the main phenomena that unspeakable patients manifest in the postoperative period. The mechanisms for the production and maintenance of nocyceps are multiple, tolerance for pain is an individual parameter in relation to the age, gender, terrain and mental state of the patient. Because around postoperative care there is a multitude of opinions and controversies from the owners, sometimes even veterinarians, it was necessary that through this study we make known the benefits of specialized care and the need for permanent monitoring of the patient within the first 72 hours after surgery, by administering drug therapy to reduce pain, relieve the patient, as well as to support large functions

Long Term Evaluation of Biodegradation and Biocompatibility In-Vivo the Mg-0.5Ca-xZr Alloys in Rats

Biodegradable alloys in Mg have the advantages of traditional metallic materials and those of biodegradable polymers with superior strength, lower density and ideal rigidity for fixing bone fractures. The biocompatibility and biodegradability of the five concentrations of Mg-0.5Ca-xZr alloys used were assessed using clinical and laboratory examinations that followed over time: tissue reaction, histological and imaging (RX, CT and SEM) evolution at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after implant. The main purpose of this study was to investigate in vivo the long-term effect of Mg-0.5Ca-xZr alloys in rats. The results confirmed that Mg-0.5Ca-xZr alloys are biocompatible and biodegradable and are recommended to be used as possible materials for new orthopedics devices

Diagnostic methods and therapeutic options in dog skin allergies – a short review

Allergy is an exaggerated reaction of the body, which occurs after the contact with various substances that the immune system considers foreign and acts against them. Like humans, dogs can be allergic to various substances which, when inhaled or absorbed through the skin, airways or gastrointestinal tract, stimulate the immune system by releasing histamine that induces inflammation, erythema, edema and itching. It is considered that all the cases of allergies, whether low, moderate or severe, are genetic in nature. Dogs that become allergic to drugs, vaccines, food, dust, pollen, fleas, various household substances, etc., are "genetically programmed" to have an immune system capable of producing an allergic reaction. The allergic reaction is not due to medication, biological products, food or the environment, but it is considered to be a genetic trait inherited from parents. Because there are different types of allergies and many conditions that can cause skin problems in dogs, the symptoms they present differ from one allergy to another, from one patient to another, requiring both diagnosis and treatment to be made differential for each type of allergy and for each individual. The symptoms of allergic reactions can be diagnosed through allergic tests (intradermal or blood tests), the individual removal of allergens from the dog's living environment (in case of parasitic allergy), or by reagent therapy. Fighting allergies involves the use of antihistamines, antiinflammatory corticosteroids, topical antipruritic substances, leukotrienes inhibitors, as well as various plant extracts with antiallergic effect

Acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis with secondary arterial hypertension in a 5-year-old male Siberian Husky

Acute canine idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis (ACIP) is one of the most common generalised neuromuscular diseases affecting dogs. In this report, we describe a 5-year-old, 25-kg, male, intact, Siberian Husky dog with ACIP with secondary induced arterial hypertension fsystolic blood pressure [mean (m) ± standard deviation (sd)], 214 ± 19mmHg; mean blood pressure (m ± sd), 164 ± 6.36mmHg; and diastolic blood pressure (m ± sd), 137 ± 0.7mmHgg and sinus tachycardia. Heart rate variability analysis indicated decreased vagal activity (low root-meansquare values of successive RR interval differences and percentages of the RR intervals differing by more than 50ms in the entire recording) and predominance of sympathetic activity. Arterial hypertension was treated with amlodipine but remained greater than the upper limit for 51 days until the dog recovered ambulation. This is the first case report of ACIP and secondary arterial hypertension in a dog. Routine blood pressure measurements should be included in the monitoring of patients with ACIP if arterial hypertension might interfere with patient prognosis

The Bacteriophages Therapy of Interdigital Pyoderma Complicated by Cellulitis with Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in a Dog—Case Report

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly pathogenic bacterium with high pathogenicity, that can cause serious infections in all species and especially in dogs. Treatment of the infection induced by this bacterium can be a challenge considering that some strains have developed resistance to most classes of antimicrobials. The use of bacteriophages to alleviate infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa has demonstrated their potential for both internal and external applications. This study aimed to illustrate the treatment with bacteriophages in bacterially complicated skin lesions that do not respond to antimicrobial therapy