Reentrant Adhesion Behavior in Nanocluster Deposition

We simulate the collision of atomic clusters with a weakly attractive surface using molecular dynamics in a regime between soft-landing and fragmentation, where the cluster undergoes large deformation but remains intact. As a function of incident kinetic energy, we find a transition from adhesion to reflection at low kinetic energies. We also identify a second adhesive regime at intermediate kinetic energies, where strong deformation of the cluster leads to an increase in contact area and adhesive energy.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Molecular dynamics simulations of reflection and adhesion behavior in Lennard-Jones cluster deposition

We conduct molecular dynamics simulations of the collision of atomic clusters with a weakly-attractive surface. We focus on an intermediate regime, between soft-landing and fragmentation, where the cluster undergoes deformation on impact but remains largely intact, and will either adhere to the surface (and possibly slide), or be reflected. We find that the outcome of the collision is determined by the Weber number, We i.e. the ratio of the kinetic energy to the adhesion energy, with a transition between adhesion and reflection occurring as We passes through unity. We also identify two distinct collision regimes: in one regime the collision is largely elastic and deformation of the cluster is relatively small but in the second regime the deformation is large and the adhesion energy starts to depend on the kinetic energy. If the transition between these two regimes occurs at a similar kinetic energy to that of the transition between reflection and adhesion, then we find that the probability of adhesion for a cluster can be bimodal. In addition we investigate the effects of the angle of incidence on adhesion and reflection. Finally we compare our findings both with recent experimental results and with macroscopic theories of particle collisions.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figure

Tropical Forest Protection, Uncertainty, and the Environmental Integrity of Carbon Mitigation Policies

Tropical forests are estimated to release approximately 1.7 PgC per year as a result of deforestation. Avoiding tropical deforestation could potentially play a significant role in carbon mitigation over the next 50 years if not longer. Many policymakers and negotiators are skeptical of our ability to reduce deforestation effectively. They fear that if credits for avoided deforestation are allowed to replace fossil fuel emission reductions for compliance with Kyoto, the environment will suffer because the credits will not reflect truly additional carbon storage. This paper considers the nature of the uncertainties involved in estimating carbon stocks and predicting deforestation. We build an empirically based stochastic model that combines data from field ecology, geographical information system (GIS) data from satellite imagery, economic analysis and ecological process modeling to simulate the effects of these uncertainties on the environmental integrity of credits for avoided deforestation. We find that land use change, and hence additionality of carbon, is extremely hard to predict accurately and errors in the numbers of credits given for avoiding deforestation are likely to be very large. We also find that errors in estimation of carbon storage could be large and could have significant impacts. We find that in Costa Rica, nearly 42% of all the loss of environmental integrity that would arise from poor carbon estimates arises in one life zone, tropical wet. This suggests that research effort might be focused in this life zone.climate, economics, carbon sequestration, uncertainty, policy, tropics

Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Penyakit Menular Seksual Pada Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Semarang

Latar Belakang: Penyakit menular seksual umumnya terjadi karena adanya Perubahan pola hidup pada masyarakat dan Perubahan gaya hidup. Kemajuan teknologi pada jaman modern ini tidak semua berdampak positif, banyak remaja yang terjerumus pada pergaulan yang salah contohnya penggunaan obat – obatan terlarang dan perilaku seks bebas yang marak terjadi di masyarakat.Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan remaja tentang penyakit menular seksual pada siswa SMA Negeri 1 Semarang dalam kriteria baik, cukup, dan kurang.Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada SMA Negeri 1 Semarang pada tanggal 30 Mei 2014 dengan sampel sebanyak 43 responden dengan pengambilan sampel dengan cara random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu kuisioner tertutup sedangkan teknik analisa dengan menggunakan analisa data univariat.Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penelitian menunjukan tingkat pengetahuan remaja tentang penyakit menular seksual pada siswa SMA Negeri 1 Semarang yaitu remaja yang berpengetahuan baik berjumlah 4 responden (9%), berpengetahuan cukup berjumlah 34 responden (79%) dan berpengetahuan kurang berjumlah 5 responden (12%)Kesimpulan: Tingkat pengetahuan tentang penyakit menular seksual pada siswa SMA Negeri 1 Semarang adalah cukup sebanyak 34 responden (79%)

Historical and contemporary perspectives on the sediments of Lake Rotorua

Lake Rotorua is probably the oldest continuously inundated lake in New Zealand, occupying a caldera formed by or closely associated with the eruption of the Mamaku ignimbrite and the collapse of the Rotorua caldera (Healy, 1975; Lowe and Green, 1991). The lake has undergone drastic changes in size and depth as a result of tectonics, volcanic activity and erosion. Since the Rotoehu eruption, (~60 kyr), the lake level has fluctuated between 120 m above present (280 m asl) and 10 m below present level. The modern lake covers an area of 79 km2 and has a mean depth of 10 m. Despite its long history of sedimentation, Lake Rotorua has an irregular bathymetry with features including faulted blocks, slumps, hydrothermal explosion craters, springs and large methane discharge pock marks

The application, character, and effectiveness of person-centred care with service-users, and the community within the discipline of podiatry: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: The concept of person-centred care is embedded within healthcare policy, focusing on long-term conditions and multimorbidity. The evidence that person-centred care is being operationalised effectively across all areas of healthcare is limited. The aim of this scoping review was to explore the application, features, and effectiveness of person-centred care with service-users, carers, and the community within podiatry. METHODS: The scoping review was based upon Arksey and Malley's five stage framework. The following databases were searched between January 2010 and March 2021: AMED, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane library, SocINDEX, British Education Index, Business Source Complete, MEDLINE (EBSCO), and the EThOS 'Global electronic thesis and dissertation' repository, Prospero, and reference lists of included papers. Primary research articles were included if they reported on a person-centred care focused intervention with podiatry. Research terms were developed, appropriate databases identified, and an initial search resulted in 622 papers which, following removal of duplicates and critical appraisal, resulted in 18 eligible papers. Data extracted involved the types of person-centred care utilised, intervention details, motivations for engaging in person-centred care interventions, and intervention barriers and challenges. RESULTS: Eighteen articles were included in the review. The main type of person-centred care utilised was patient/carer activities around self-management. None of the studies considered the role of the podiatrist as a person-centred care agent. The data on interventions generated the following themes 'service facilitated person-centred care' where a change has been made to service delivery, 'direct clinician delivery' where the intervention is delivered by the clinician with the patient present and 'patient instigated participation' where patient motivation is required to engage with an activity beyond the consultation. Outcome measures associated with quality of care and effectiveness were absent. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of congruency between the concept of person-centred care and how it is operationalised. A whole system approach that considers commissioning, organisational leadership, the role of the practitioners and patients has not been considered. There is immense scope for the podiatrist to play an important part in the personalised-care agenda, but currently research that can evidence the effectiveness of person-centred care in podiatry is absent. REVIEW REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework ( osf.io/egjsd )

Penentuan Jumlah Bus Yang Optimal Dengan Menggunakan Metode Goal Programming (Studi Kasus Di Trayek B 35 Jurusan Terboyo - Cangkiran Semarang)

Transportasi adalah sarana pendukung utama bagi kegiatan di suatu kota. Dengan sarana transportasi yang baik maka kegiatan akan dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Masalah yang sering dihadapi dalam transportasi adalah terjadinya ketidakseimbangan antara permintaan dan ketersediaan alat transportasi. Dinas perhubungan kota Semarang adalah instansi pemerintah yang bertugas mengatur masalah transportasi di kota Semarang. Meskipun jumlah trayek di kota Semarang saat ini telah dibatasi namun terlihat bahwa jumlah bus yang ada saat ini terlalu banyak atau tidak seimbang dengan kebutuhan. Dalam penulisan ini akan dibahas masalah penentuan jumlah bus yang optimal agar terjadi keseimbangan antara permintaan dan jumlah bus yang disediakan sehingga penumpang dapat terlayani dengan baik dan biaya operasional bus dapat lebih efisien. Trayek yang diteliti adalah trayek Terboyo Cangkiran di kota Semarang. Penelitian ini mencoba menggunakan model Goal Programming yang sebelumnya sangat jarang digunakan dalam penentuan jumlah bus. Kelebihan dari model Goal Programming adalah dapat menghitung dengan berbagai tujuan sekaligus. Di dalam masalah transportasi banyak pihak yang terlibat seperti pengusaha bus yang menginginkan keuntungan yang maksimal dan juga penumpang yang menginginkan tranportasi yang nyaman dan murah. Kepentingan yang bertentangan itu perlu dicari titik keseimbangannya karena jumlah bus yang terlalu banyak akan merugikan pengusaha dan bila terlalu sedikit akan merugikan konsumen. Dari hasil penelitian dan perhitungan diperolah bahwa untuk trayek Terboyo Cangkiran jumlah bus yang optimal adalah 16 bus atau lebih sedikit dari yang ada saat ini yaitu 25 bus. Oleh karena itu diharapkan dinas perhubungan dapat mengkaji ulang masalah ini dengan mengurangi jumlah bus yang ada dan memindahkannya ke trayek yang masih membutuhkan. Sehingga transportasi di kota Semarang khususnya trayek Terboyo Cangkiran dapat berjalan dengan lancar

Megasequence architecture of Taranaki, Wanganui, and King Country basins and Neogene progradation of two continental margin wedges across western New Zealand.

Taranaki, Wanganui and King Country basins (formerly North Wanganui Basin) have been regarded as discrete basins, but they contain a very similar Neogene sedimentary succession and much of their geological history is held in common. Analysis of the stratigraphic architecture of the fill of each basin reveals the occurrence of four 2nd order megasequences of tectonic origin. The oldest is the early-early Miocene (Otaian Stage) Mahoenui Group/megasequence, followed by the late-early Miocene (Altonian Stage) Mokau Group/megasequence (King Country Basin), both of which correspond to the lower part of the Manganui Formation in Taranaki Basin. The third is the middle to late Miocene Whangamomona Group/megasequence, and the fourth is the latest Miocene-Pleistocene Rangitikei Supergroup/megasequence, both represented in the three basins. Higher order sequences (4th, 5th, 6th), having a eustatic origin, are evident in the Whangamomona and Rangitikei megasequences, particularly those of 5th order with 41 ka periodicity. The distribution of the megasequences are shown in a series of cross-section panels built-up from well -to-well correlations, complemented by time-stratigraphic cross-sections. The base of each megasequence is marked by marine flooding and represents a discrete phase in basin development. For the first megasequence this corresponded to rapid subsidence of the King Country Basin in a compressional setting and basement overthrusting on the Taranaki Fault, with the rapid introduction of terrigenous sediment during transgression. The Mahoenui megasequence accumulated mostly at bathyal depths; no regressive deposits are evident, having been eroded during subsequent uplift. The second (Mokau) megasequence accumulated during reverse movement on the Ohura Fault, formation of the Tarata Thrust Zone, and onlap of the basement block between the Taranaki Fault and the Patea-Tongaporutu-Herangi High (PTH). The Whangamomona megasequence accumulated during extensive reflooding of King Country Basin, onlap of the PTH High and of basement in the Wanganui Basin. This is an assymetrical sequence with a thin transgressive part (Otunui Formation) and a thick regressive part (Mount Messenger to Matemateaonga Formations). It represents the northward progradation of a continental margin wedge with bottom-set, slope-set and top-set components through Wanganui and King Country basins, with minor progradation over the PTH High and into Taranaki Basin. The Rangitikei megasequence is marked by extensive flooding at its base (Tangahoe Mudstone) and reflects the pull-down of the main Wanganui Basin depocentre. This megasequence comprises a second progradational margin wedge, which migrated on two fronts, one northward through Wanganui Basin and into King Country Basin, and a second west of the PTH High, through the Toru Trough and into the Central and Northern Grabens of Taranaki Basin and on to the Western Platform as the Giant Foresets Formation, thereby building up the modern shelf and slope. Fifth and 6th order sequences are well expressed in the shelf deposits (top-sets) of the upper parts of the Whangamomona and Rangitikei megasequences. They typically have a distinctive sequence architecture comprising shellbed (TST), siltstone (HST) and sandstone (RST) beds. Manutahi-1, which was continuously cored, provides calibration of this sequence architecture to wireline log character, thereby enabling shelf deposits to be mapped widely in the subsurface via the wireline data for hydrocarbon exploration holes. Similar characterization of slope-sets and bottom-sets is work ongoing. The higher order (eustatic) sequences profoundly influenced the local reservoir architecture and seal properties of formations, whereas the megasequence progradation has been responsible for the regional hydrocarbon maturation and migration. Major late tilting, uplift and erosion affected all three basins and created a regional high along the eastern Margin of Taranaki Basin, thereby influencing the migration paths of hydrocarbons sourced deeper in the basin and allowing late charge of structural and possibly stratigraphic traps