Baseline characteristics of included AS patients.

<p>Baseline characteristics of included AS patients.</p

GEE estimated mean 2-year spinal radiographic progression rates, stratified for baseline risk factors.

<p>GEE estimated mean 2-year spinal radiographic progression rates, stratified for baseline risk factors.</p

Associations between baseline characteristics and spinal radiographic damage over time.

<p>Associations between baseline characteristics and spinal radiographic damage over time.</p

GEE estimated mean 2-year spinal radiographic progression rates over time of AS patients with multiple risk factors.

<p>GEE estimated mean 2-year spinal radiographic progression rates over time of AS patients with multiple risk factors.</p

Box plots of mean and maximum left common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media thickness (IMT) of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and healthy controls

Data are uncorrected for confounders. The median, interquartile range, and minimum and maximum values are shown.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Early atherosclerosis in systemic sclerosis and its relation to disease or traditional risk factors"</p><p>http://arthritis-research.com/content/10/2/R49</p><p>Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008;10(2):R49-R49.</p><p>Published online 25 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2453769.</p><p></p

Activated epithelial cells lead to reduction in both volume of saliva produced and Mucin 10 present in saliva.

<p>A) Whole stimulated saliva produced by A20^-/- mice and WT littermate controls. <i>n</i> = 6 mice per group per time point Two Way ANOVA testing showed significant difference at the 30 week time point. ** p < 0.01 B) Area under curve analysis of saliva production in A. Student’s <i>t</i>-test was performed for statistical analysis, ** <i>p</i> < 0.01. C) Coomassie and Periodic Acid Shift stained gel of whole stimulated saliva from WT and A20^-/- mice. Position of bands representing Mucins 10 is shown. Each lane represents saliva from a separate biological replicate. D) Quantification amount of Mucin 10 in saliva, relative to total protein. Each data point represents a separate biological replicate. *** <i>p</i> < 0.001, student’s <i>t</i>-test.</p

Activated epithelial cells cause leukocyte striated duct invasion and local increased cytokine production.

<p>A) Leukocytic (CD45⁺) invasion of a striated duct in A20^-/- mice at 30 weeks of age. B) CD3⁺ T cell invasion of a striated duct in serial section to A. C) B220⁺ B cell invasion of a striated duct in serial section to A. Second panels in A-C are high resolution images of inset boxes. D) Quantification of invaded striated ducts frequency per 4 mm² of glandular tissue. *** = p< 0.001, Two Way ANOVA. E) Relative expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNα, IFNɣ, TNFα and IL-6) and pSS-associated chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL13) in A20^-/- mice at 20 and 30 weeks of age. <i>n</i> ≥ 5 per group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, student’s <i>t</i>-test.</p

Disease activity over time in AS patients.

<p>ASDAS over time in patients starting TNF-α inhibitors (A) and receiving conventional treatment (B); BASDAI over time in patients starting TNF-α inhibitors (C) and receiving conventional treatment (D); CRP over time in patients starting TNF-α inhibitors (E) and receiving conventional treatment (F). *p<0.05 compared to baseline. Box-and-whisker plots: boxes indicate medians with interquartile ranges; + indicate means; whiskers indicate 5–95 percentile; • indicate outliers.</p

Activated epithelial cells cause lymphocytic salivary gland infiltration.

<p>A) Lymph node positive staining control for CD45 immunostaining. B) Low resolution immunostaining for CD45, denoting all leukocytes, in WT and A20^-/- mice at 30 weeks of age. C) High resolution of boxed area in B showing foci of CD45⁺ cells. D) Quantification of proportion of CD45⁺ cells in WT and A20^-/- mice submandibular salivary glands mice at 10, 20 and 30 weeks of age. E) Quantification of foci, defined as > 50 CD45⁺ cells together, per 4mm² of submandibular SG tissue. <i>n</i> = 6 biological replicates for all groups, apart from 10 week time point, where <i>n</i> = 1 and 3 for WT and A20^-/- respectively. *** = p < 0.001, Two Way ANOVA. F) Lymph node positive staining control for CD3 T cell immunostaining. G) Low resolution microscopy of CD3 immunostaining, denoting T cells, in WT and A20^-/- mice at 30 weeks. H) High resolution of boxed area in F. I) Quantification of proportion of T cells in WT and A20^-/- mice at submandibular salivary glands at 10, 20 and 30 weeks of age. J) Lymph node positive staining control for B220 immunostaining. K) Low resolution immunostaining images of B220, denoting B cells, in WT and A20^-/- mice at 30 weeks of age. L) High resolution of boxed area in J. M) Quantification of proportion of B cells in WT and A20^-/- mice submandibular glands at 10, 20 and 30 weeks of age. For all quantification data <i>n</i> numbers are as panel E. *** = p < 0.001.</p

Flowchart of inclusion.

<p>Flowchart of inclusion.</p