The Monomer Elution of Bulk-Fill Sculptable Composite and Flowable Composite after Photopolymerization

Introduction: Composite resins have excellent mechanical properties, including fast polymerization, aesthetic quality, easy handling, and the ability to adhere to the enamel surfaces. However, there are also some disadvantages from this material, one of them is residual monomers. Bulk-fill composite resins are available in sculptable (solid) and flowable (liquid) form. Most composite resin matrix is aromatic or aliphatic acrylates. Bis-GMA, UDMA, and TEGDMA are the matrix monomers that are commonly used but show a high cytotoxicity level. They also have poor mechanical properties such as wear resistance, hardness, tendency to change color, and may cause pulp reactions. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the number of residual monomers in bulk-fill sculptable and flowable composites in the submersion of 75% ethanol solution (10 minutes, an hour, and 24 hours). Methods: Sculptable and flowable composites were used in this study. Samples (4 mm thick, 5 mm diameter) were prepared and polymerized for 10 seconds with an intensity of 1025 mW / cm2 of a light emitted diode (LED). After the sample was made, each sample was immediately immersed in a 75% ethanol solution as an extraction liquid and stored in amber-colored bottles at room temperature. Samples were taken as many as 7 cc at intervals of 10 minutes, an hour, and 24 hours. Samples were analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The data obtained were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test, Independent T-Test and Mann-Whitney Test at a significance level of p <0.05. Result: The amount of elusion remaining monomers of the bulk-fill flowable composite was higher than bulk-fill sculptable composite. UDMA composite of bulk fill flowable submersed in 75% ethanol solution for 24 hours was the highest among other monomers. Conclusion: Residual monomers eluted inside bulk-fill composite resins in all time periods and the amount of eluted monomers increases with time

PERBEDAAN MONOMER SISA ANTARA RESIN KOMPOSIT BULKFILL SCULPTABLE DAN FLOWABLE PADA PENYINARAN LIGHT EMITTED DIODE (LED)

Background: Resin composite has many benefits, namely good mechanical properties, fast polimerization, aesthetical quality, easy to handle, and its ability to adhere on the surface of the enamel. However, there are also some disadvantages from this material, one of them is the existance of residual monomers. Bulk fill composite is available in the forms of sculptable (hard) and flowable (liquid). Most of the matrix of the resins is diacrylate (aromatic or aliphatic). Bis-gma, udma and tegdma are the matrix monomers which are commonly used. The residual monomers of tegdma, bis-gma and udma show high level of cytoxicity. Furthermore, they also have poor mechanical properties such as wear resistance, hardness and tendency to change color and may cause pulp reactions. Based on the background above, the authors wanted to analyze some residual monomers which can be extracted by bulk fill composite with a thickness of 4 mm and diameter of 5 mm in the soaking of 10 minutes, an hour and 24 hours. Purpose: To investigate the different amount of residual monomers in bulk fill sculptable and flowable composites in the soaking of ethanol 75% (10 minutes, an hour and 24 hours). Methods: Sculptable and flowable composites were used in this study, samples (4 mm thick, 5 mm diameter) were prepared and polymerized for 10 seconds with an intensity of 1025 mW / cm2 of light emitted diode (LED). After the sample was made, each sample was immediately immersed in a 75% ethanol solution which was used as an extraction liquid and stored in amber colored bottles at room temperature. Samples were taken as many as 7 cc at intervals of 10 minutes, an hour and 24 hours. Samples were analyzed by HPLC. The data obtained were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis Test, Independent T Test and Mann-Whiteney Test at a significance level of p <0.05. Result: The amount of elusion remaining monomers of bulk fill flowable composite was higher than bulk fill sculptable monomer. Udma composite of bulk fill flowable soaked in 75% ethanol solution for 24 hours was the highest among other monomers. Conclusion: Residual monomers eluted inside bulk fill composite resins in all time periods and the amount of eluted monomers increases with time