Coupling Experiment and Simulation in Electromagnetic Forming Using Photon Doppler Velocimetry

Modeling electromagnetic forming processes is in many ways simpler than modeling traditional metal forming processes. In electromagnetic forming the problem is often dominated by inertial acceleration by a magnetic field. This is a much better posed problem than the more traditional ones that are often dominated by complex three dimensional constitutive behavior and frictional effects. However, important aspects of the problem are dominated by the constitutive properties of the material, and often electromagnetic forming is performed in a regime where there is little reliable material strength data. Strain rates are often high (102 to 104 s-1 is the typical range for electromagnetic forming). Also, heat is generated both by ohmic heating as well as by plastic deformation, and peak temperatures can be quite high. Also, while hightemperature, high-strain-rate data is scarce, there is little or no data in cases where temperature rises significantly over very short times (tens of micro-seconds) as happens in electromagnetic metal forming. This rapid temperature rise is very important to the material response because the short time scales largely preclude the material from recovery and recrystallization processes and precipitates cannot dissolve as they normally would in an age-hardening alloy in these time scales. This presentation will show how advanced instrumentation, particularly the Photon Doppler Velocimeter (PDV) can be coupled with electromagnetic forming and provide both avenues to characterize material as well as to provide very critical tests of numerical models of the process

Trapianto di polmone e disordini linfoproliferativi post trapianto (PTLD) ebv-correlati

I disordini linfoproliferativi post trapianto sono un\u2019importate causa di morbidit\ue0 soprattuto nel primo anno dal trapianto. Tale possibilit\ue0 diagnostica andrebbe sempre tenuta in considerazione in casi di lesioni polmonari di difficile interpretazione. Essendoci una stretta correlazione con Ebstein-Barr virus si ritiene mandatorio il monitoraggio di EBV-DNA nel siero nel follow up post trapianto. Introduzione: I trapianti di organo solido, a causa dell\u2019immunosoppressione, comportano un alto rischio di sviluppo di malattie linfoproliferative. Spesso questi disordini sono correlati ad Ebstein-Barr Virus. Pochi studi sono attualmente disponibili nell\u2019ambito dell\u2019incidenza nel trapianto di polmone. Metodologia: \uc8 stata condotta una analisi retrospettiva sui pazienti sottoposti a trapianto polmonare presso il nostro centro che abbiano sviluppato un linfoma EBV-correlato. Risultati: Dal Gennaio 2009 al Gennaio 2017 sono stati eseguiti 100 trapianti polmonari. Di questi, 2 pazienti hanno sviluppato PTLD EBV correlata. Entrambi i pazienti sono stati trapiantati in regime di urgenza per Fibrosi Cistica, con necessit\ue0 di supporto respiratorio extracorporeo. La diagnosi \ue8 stata effettuata nei primi mesi post trapianto mediante biopsia di lesioni polmonari, in quadro infettivo non responsivo alla terapia antibiotica ad ampio spettro, in presenza di elevata carica di EBV-DNA su siero. La malattia ha interessato prevalentemente il parenchima e linfonodi polmonari in un caso mentre nel secondo caso si \ue8 resa evidente un\u2019estensione anche extrapolmonare (epatica e linfonodale). I pazienti sono stati sottoposti a chemioterapia secondo schema specifico. Entrambi i pazienti sono vivi a 24 e 14 mesi dal trapianto, in remissione completa (1\ub0 caso) e parziale (2\ub0 caso). Conclusioni: I disordini linfoproliferativi post trapianto sono un\u2019importate causa di morbidit\ue0 soprattuto nel primo anno dal trapianto. Tale possibilit\ue0 diagnostica andrebbe sempre tenuta in considerazione in casi di lesioni polmonari di difficile interpretazione. Essendoci una stretta correlazione con Ebstein-Barr virus si ritiene mandatorio il monitoraggio di EBV-DNA nel siero nel follow up post trapianto

Musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs: A scourge among nursing staff

AimsTo assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb (MSD-UL) among healthcare staff, to identify socio-occupational factors risk. And their impact on the work capacity.MethodsCross-sectional study, conducted with a representative sample stratified according to age, gender and service ensuring the nursing function in one of two university hospitals in central Tunisia. Data of the survey concerned socio-professional characteristics, the index of work capacity (WAI) and integrates Nordic questionnaire MSD. The survey was completed by twelve manoeuvres of SALTSA, the protocol of early clinical MSD-UL screening.ResultsThe sample included 300, but only 239 forms were useable. The average age was 42.64 years±11.65 years, with a slight predominance of older workers over 45 years (53.9%) and the sex ratio was 1.06. Obesity involved more than 1/5 of the nurses (BMI>30) and more than half (51.9%) did not practice any regular physical activity. Work capacity was considered “good” or “excellent” for 3/4 of caregivers. During the previous 12 months of investigation MSD of the shoulders were the most reported with a prevalence of 62.12% versus 43.34% MSD of the neck, 21.84% oft the elbow and 43.68% of the hands. MSD of the neck and shoulder were statistically correlated to the female gender, age >45 years. The protocol Saltsa objectified painful movements of the shoulders in 62 nurses, epicondylitis and tendinitis of the wrist in 67.92% and carpal tunnel syndrome in 25 nurses. The average distance thumb-C7 as equal to 16.42±5.91cm and its increase was correlated with professional seniority. Moreover, the presence of some MSD significantly alter the working capacity, particularly MSD neck (P<10-3), the right shoulder (P=0.03), the left elbow (P=0, 03) and the right wrist (P=0.01).ConclusionMSD-UL are pathologies, which can be associated with heavy individual handicap and serious consequences for society, imposing multidisciplinary preventive strategy and management

Tocilizumab for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The single-arm TOCIVID-19 prospective trial

BackgroundTocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of death in COVID-19 patients.MethodsA multicenter, single-arm, hypothesis-driven trial was planned, according to a phase 2 design, to study the effect of tocilizumab on lethality rates at 14 and 30 days (co-primary endpoints, a priori expected rates being 20 and 35%, respectively). A further prospective cohort of patients, consecutively enrolled after the first cohort was accomplished, was used as a secondary validation dataset. The two cohorts were evaluated jointly in an exploratory multivariable logistic regression model to assess prognostic variables on survival.ResultsIn the primary intention-to-treat (ITT) phase 2 population, 180/301 (59.8%) subjects received tocilizumab, and 67 deaths were observed overall. Lethality rates were equal to 18.4% (97.5% CI: 13.6-24.0, P=0.52) and 22.4% (97.5% CI: 17.2-28.3, P<0.001) at 14 and 30 days, respectively. Lethality rates were lower in the validation dataset, that included 920 patients. No signal of specific drug toxicity was reported. In the exploratory multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age and lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio negatively affected survival, while the concurrent use of steroids was associated with greater survival. A statistically significant interaction was found between tocilizumab and respiratory support, suggesting that tocilizumab might be more effective in patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline.ConclusionsTocilizumab reduced lethality rate at 30 days compared with null hypothesis, without significant toxicity. Possibly, this effect could be limited to patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline.Registration EudraCT (2020-001110-38); clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04317092)

Correction to: Tocilizumab for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The single-arm TOCIVID-19 prospective trial (Journal of Translational Medicine, (2020), 18, 1, (405), 10.1186/s12967-020-02573-9)

Following publication of the original article [1] the authors identified that the collaborators of the TOCIVID-19 investigators, Italy were only available in the supplementary file. The original article has been updated so that the collaborators are correctly acknowledged. For clarity, all collaborators are listed in this correction article