Rhythm and Refrain: In Between Philosophy and Arts (2016)

<p>Pictorial representation of few important host defense response and apoptosis related genes that were differentially expressed (up regulated [green]; down regulated [red]) in HEV replicon transfected cell cultures compared to pcDNA3 only control.</p

Differentially expressed genes in HEV, HBV and HEV+HBV transfected cell cultures compared to pcDNA3 vector-only control.

<p>The differential gene expression by Anova for each comparison, HEV vs. pcDNA3, HBV vs. pcDNA3 and HBV+HEV vs. pcDNA3 resulted in (A) 306, (B) 408 and (C) 461 genes with more than +/−2 fold change in expression (up regulated genes are marked in blue and down regulated genes are marked in red) and p value <0.05, respectively. (D) The Venn diagram shows common genes in the three groups.</p

Post-alignment QAQC using Bowtie2 of the unaligned reads from Tophat2.

<p>Post-alignment QAQC using Bowtie2 of the unaligned reads from Tophat2.</p

Indirect immunofluorescence for detection of HBV and HEV in dual transfected Huh-7 cell cultures.

<p>HBV (I to L), HEV (E to H) and HBV+HEV (M to P) replicon transfected Huh-7 cells were stained with anti-HBsAg rabbit polyclonal and anti-pORF2 mouse monoclonal primary antibodies, followed by Alexa 546 conjugated goat anti-rabbit and Alexa 488 conjugated goat anti-mouse secondary antibodies in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. The nuclei were counter stained with DAPI. The composite image (P) showed both HBV and HEV positive cells as well as HBV-only and HEV-only cells. Composite images H and L show positivity for HEV and HBV, respectively. Mock-transfected control showed no staining either for HBV or HEV (A to D).</p

Graphical representation of RNA-Seq derived differential expression of genes that were selected for real-time PCR validation.

<p>XY bar charts represent genes selected for real-time PCR validation and their fold changes obtained in RNA-seq analysis as compared to pcDNA3 control in HEV (A), HBV (B) and HBV+HEV (C) transfected cultures. Each gene was represented by the same color in the three graphs.</p

Graphical representation of host defense and survival functions derived by GO enrichment of differentially expressed genes in HBV transfected cell cultures compared to pcDNA3 control.

<p>Bars represent number of genes in the list present in each functional category.</p

Graphical representation of host defense and survival functions derived by GO enrichment of differentially expressed genes in HEV transfected cell cultures compared to pcDNA3 control.

<p>Bars represent number of genes in the list present in each functional category.</p

Post-alignment QAQC using Tophat2 aligner.

<p>Post-alignment QAQC using Tophat2 aligner.</p

Enriched Gene ontology annotation of differentially expressed genes in HEV, HBV and HBV+HEV transfected cells.

<p>XY bar charts represent GO type (A, B and C) and functions (D, E and F) on x-axis against mean enrichment scores on y-axis. GO types include biological process, cellular component and molecular function represented in red, blue and green colors, respectively. GO enrichment of the differentially expressed genes showed a higher enrichment for HBV+HEV (C) group followed by HEV (A) and HBV (B).</p

Relative quantification of differential gene expression by real-time RT PCR for validation.

<p>The XY plots represent the normalized log fold expression of genes obtained by real-time PCR as compared to pcDNA3 control (baseline represents expression in pcDNA3 control).</p