Hydrographs by Single Linear Reservoir Model

A single linear reservoir (SLR) model is presented which provides a simple means for developing runoff hydrographs for small, urban watersheds. The model only requires one parameter, K, which can be estimated from watershed and precipitation characteristics. Several methods for estimating K and the results of testing the model on various watersheds are presented.Waller Creek Working Grou

Método para análise econômica de sistemas para recursos hídricos em condições de alta incerteza de chuvas

Most water supply systems are sized somewhat arbitrarily by either designing them to yield a firm supply for the worst drought of record or some smaller amount which way be decided by available resources. The first size estimate for most systems should be that capacity which maximizes expected net benefits, thus incorporating probability into the economic analysis. This is especially true for regions of high precipitation uncertainty. If, after that problem is solved, the client desires to choose another project size, the trade-offs are clearer. This paper will illustrate the principle by an example of sizing a small reservoir (tank) for the northeastern Brazilian semi-and tropics (SAT).A maioria dos sistemas de suprimento de água são dimensionados arbitrariamente pela sua projeção para assegurar um abastecimento garantido de água para a pior seca de um período escolhido ou de quantidades menores, que podem depender de recursos financeiros disponíveis. A primeira estimativa de tamanho do reservatório para a maioria dos sistemas poderá ter uma capacidade que maximize os lucros líquidos esperados, incorporando probabilidade na análise econômica. Isto é válido principalmente para regiões com alta incerteza de chuvas. Se, após a solução deste problema, o usuário quiser escolher outro projeto de tamanho diferente, as alternativas são claras. O presente trabalho ilustrará o princípio com uma análise do dimensionamento de um pequeno servatório (barreiro) para o semi- árido da região Nordeste do Brasil

International Water Resources Association Water for a Growing Population Water Supply and Groundwater Issues in Developing Countries

Abstract: The growing populations of most developing countries occur disproportionally in urban areas. This places considerable pressure on already overburdened budgets to increase the water supply and wastewater infrastructure. Moreover, little or no resources are left to supply, let alone, improve rural water supplies. To add to the problems, money has been spent on studies that have never been implemented. Projects have been constructed that have not fulfilled their purpose. This paper examines some of these problems, emphasizing groundwater, and suggests ways to prevent them in the future

Water resources: planning and management/ Helweg

xii, 362 hal.: ill.; 22 cm

Water resources: planning and management/ Helweg

xii, 362 hal.: ill.; 22 cm

Salinity management strategy for stream-aquifer systems, A

February 1976.Bibliography: page 39

Research Needs in Water Resources and Environment: A Panel Discussion

Practicing engineers sometimes criticize researchers for answering questions that no one is asking, or at least for conducting research on questions of personal interest or in areas that funding agencies think are important. Although such research has a place in the overall picture of things, it is instructive to consider the practical issues that engineers in the field face. The fields of water resources and environment are very broad, and only a small number of research users could be included on the panel seated by the Education and Research Council at the 2004 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress. One of the panel members pointed out that the private sector was underrepresented. We hope that a future panel will correct this problem. The PowerPoint presentations given by panel members may be accessed from the Education and Research Council’s Web site, http:// engineering.rowan.edu/~orlins.EWRI. Because of time constraints, each participant could relate only a small portion of his or her agency’s interest; consequently, this report is not intended to be comprehensive, even for the various agencies represented on the panel

On-line optimal control of urban water supply

There has been some interest in optimizing water delivery systems, but as yet, no one has developed an on-line optimal control algorithm. This paper explains the approach Memphis State University and Memphis Light, Gas, and Water are developing to implement such a system

Optimizing urban ground water supply systems

The cost of Pumping comprises a major part of total water operation and maintenance expenses. Most utilities attempt to keep these costs down. However, there are areas of study that may help to additionally reduce water delivery costs. For example, the optimal time to clean water mains, the optimal system pressure over time, etc. This particular investigation emphasizes determining the optimal pumping schedule for a well field. The objective is to produce a unit volume of water at minimum cost