Разработка эффективных центраторов обсадной колонны

Основной целью работы является разработка эффективных центраторов обсадной колонны. Для выполнения поставленной цели рассмотрены основные решаемые задачи: 1 Провести обзор сортамента центраторов обсадных колонн различных производителей. 2 Провести патентный обзор центраторов обсадных колонн. 3 Провести анализ, существующих центраторов и разработать эффективный центратор обсадной колонны, лишенный недостатков, выделенных в анализе. Также выполнены разделы "Социальная ответственность" и "Производственный менеджмент, ресурсоэффективность и ресурсосбережение".The main goal of the work is to develop efficient casing centralizers. To accomplish this goal, the main tasks are addressed: 1 Review the range of casing centralizers from different manufacturers. 2 Conduct a patent review of casing centralizers. 3 Carry out an analysis of existing centralizers and develop an effective casing centering device that is free from the weaknesses highlighted in the analysis. Also the sections "Social Responsibility" and "Production Management, Resource Efficiency and Resource Saving"

Reduction in membranous expression of β-catenin and increased cytoplasmic E-cadherin expression predict poor survival in gastric cancer

β-catenin, a component of the E-cadherin–catenin cell adhesion complex, also plays a separate intracellular signalling role, interacting with APC protein. Intracellular accumulation of β-catenin is common in colorectal neoplasia. β-catenin abnormalities are associated with poor survival in gastric cancer, but previous studies do not differentiate between membrane-associated and intracellular β-catenin. In this study we aimed to determine which type of expression abnormalities for E-cadherin, β-catenin and α-catenin correlate with clinico-pathological features and survival in gastric cancer. Immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin-embedded sections from 40 gastric cancers was performed for E-cadherin, α- and β-catenins using microwave unmasking and an avidin–biotin technique. Clinical data were obtained from case records and cancer registry records. Reduced membranous expression of β-catenin occurred in 10/12 (83%) diffuse and 8/28 (29%) intestinal tumours (P = 0.0014), and was associated with poor differentiation (P = 0.0015) and short survival (P = 0.032), but not with age, sex, tumour size or nodal status. Nuclear expression of β-catenin was uncommon; cytoplasmic expression was observed in 13/40 cases (33%) but did not correlate with histology, tumour grade or survival. Reduced E-cadherin membrane expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.02). Neither E-cadherin or α-catenin expression correlated with survival. Reduced membranous expression of β-catenin predicts poor prognosis in gastric cancer, whilst ectopic intracellular expression is relatively rare. The apparent differences in β-catenin expression from those found in colon cancer merit further study. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

Gene expression profiling for molecular distinction and characterization of laser captured primary lung cancers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We examined gene expression profiles of tumor cells from 29 untreated patients with lung cancer (10 adenocarcinomas (AC), 10 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and 9 small cell lung cancer (SCLC)) in comparison to 5 samples of normal lung tissue (NT). The European and American methodological quality guidelines for microarray experiments were followed, including the stipulated use of laser capture microdissection for separation and purification of the lung cancer tumor cells from surrounding tissue.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Based on differentially expressed genes, different lung cancer samples could be distinguished from each other and from normal lung tissue using hierarchical clustering. Comparing AC, SCC and SCLC with NT, we found 205, 335 and 404 genes, respectively, that were at least 2-fold differentially expressed (estimated false discovery rate: < 2.6%). Different lung cancer subtypes had distinct molecular phenotypes, which also reflected their biological characteristics. Differentially expressed genes in human lung tumors which may be of relevance in the respective lung cancer subtypes were corroborated by quantitative real-time PCR.</p> <p>Genetic programming (GP) was performed to construct a classifier for distinguishing between AC, SCC, SCLC, and NT. Forty genes, that could be used to correctly classify the tumor or NT samples, have been identified. In addition, all samples from an independent test set of 13 further tumors (AC or SCC) were also correctly classified.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The data from this research identified potential candidate genes which could be used as the basis for the development of diagnostic tools and lung tumor type-specific targeted therapies.</p

EBV-Infection in Cardiac and Non-Cardiac Gastric Adenocarcinomas is Associated with Promoter Methylation of p16, p14 and APC, but not hMLH1

Background: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinomas (GC) constitute a distinct clinicopathological entity of gastric cancer. In order to determine underlying distinct aberrant promoter methylation we tested cardiac and non-cardiac GC with regard to the presence of EBV

The Lymphotoxin β Receptor Is Essential for Upregulation of IFN-Induced Guanylate-Binding Proteins and Survival after Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) signaling plays an important role in efficient initiation of host responses to a variety of pathogens, encompassing viruses, bacteria, and protozoans via induction of the type I interferon response. The present study reveals that after Toxoplasma gondii infection, LTβR−/− mice show a substantially reduced survival rate when compared to wild-type mice. LTβR−/− mice exhibit an increased parasite load and a more pronounced organ pathology. Also, a delayed increase of serum IL-12p40 and a failure of the protective IFNγ response in LTβR−/− mice were observed. Serum NO levels in LTβR−/− animals rose later and were markedly decreased compared to wild-type animals. At the transcriptional level, LTβR−/− animals exhibited a deregulated expression profile of several cytokines known to play a role in activation of innate immunity in T. gondii infection. Importantly, expression of the IFNγ-regulated murine guanylate-binding protein (mGBP) genes was virtually absent in the lungs of LTβR−/− mice. This demonstrates clearly that the LTβR is essential for the induction of a type II IFN-mediated immune response against T. gondii. The pronounced inability to effectively upregulate host defense effector molecules such as GBPs explains the high mortality rates of LTβR−/− animals after T. gondii infection

CXCR4-A Prognostic and Clinicopathological Biomarker for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Adenocarcinomas of the pancreatic duct (PDAC) are characteristically aggressive tumors that are extremely challenging to treat as curative surgical resection, the definitive treatment, is seldom possible. Regretably, most patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease at the time of initial presentation. In addition, current chemotherapeutic concepts that are used for advanced disease stages show frustrating results. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic molecular targets that are associated with PDAC disease. Recently, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been demonstrated to be highly expressed in metastatic PDAC. However, the results of the published data on CXCR4 and its association with clinicopathological variables and prognosis in PDAC seem to be heterogeneous. Consequently, to clarify the relevance of CXCR4 as a biomarker in PDAC we performed a comprehensive literature search by using PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify articles that focused on the expression of CXCR4 in PDAC by using immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, data from nine relevant studies, encompassing 1183 patients were extracted, qualitatively assessed, and entered into a meta-analysis. By using a random effects model, the pooled hazard ratio of the seven studies that reported on patients overall survival revealed a correlation between expression of CXCR4 and poor prognosis (HR 1.49; 95% CI: 1.04-2.14; <i>P</i> = 0.03; I² = 74%). Although heterogeneity became evident, subgroup analyses confirmed the prognostic value of CXCR4 in PDAC, especially in high-quality studies that performed multivariate analysis. In addition, meta-analysis revealed a strong association of CXCR4 expression with the UICC stage (OR: 3.40; 95% CI: 1.67-6.92; <i>P</i> = 0.0007; I² = 0%) and metastatic disease (N-status: OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.56-4.15; <i>P</i> = 0.0002; I² = 26%; recurrence to the liver: OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.48-5.29; <i>P</i> = 0.001; I² = 0%). Taken together, our meta-analysis suggests that CXCR4 represents a useful prognostic biomarker in PDAC and might therefore be evaluated as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of metastatic cancer disease of the pancreas.</p></div

Association between CXCR4 and hepatic metastasis during follow up.

<p>Forest plot reflects the individual and pooled OR with CI to assess the association between CXCR4 and hepatic metastasis during follow up. Heterogeneity was quantified by the Cochrane Q test (Chi-squared test; Chi²) and inconsistency (I²).</p