ROI influences on Higuchi Dimension using projection method (i).

h<p>value is too low.</p>l<p>value is too high.</p

Fourier dimensions of fractal and non-fractal images.

<p>Fourier dimensions for an image with a constant gray value, an image with a cosine shaped gray value course in the x-direction, three images with predefined fractal dimensions (D = 2.2, 2.5, 2.8) and an image with random gray values. Inaccurate as well as erroneous values are emphasized with arrows.</p

Higuchi dimensions of fractal and non-fractal images.

<p>Higuchi dimensions for an image with a constant gray value, an image with a cosine shaped gray value course in the x-direction, three images with predefined fractal dimensions (D = 2.2, 2.5, 2.8) and an image with random gray values. The legend depicts the distinct 2D to 1D methods (i)–(iv). (i) projection and averaging the values for the x- and y-direction. (ii) examining every row and column and calculations of averages. (iii) 180 radial lines through the centre of the image and calculations of averages and (iv) spirals through the image and calculations of averages.</p

Six sample images.

<p><b>A</b> An image with constant gray value, an image with cosine shaped varying gray levels in the horizontal direction and constant gray value in the vertical direction, three images with varying gray levels but distinct predefined fractal dimensions and finally an image with random gray values. <b>B</b> Same six images as in A, but with a rectangular region of interest (ROI). <b>C</b> Same six images as in A, but with an elliptical ROI.</p

Double logarithmic plots of the Higuchi and Fourier dimension.

<p>The individual ranges of linear regressions are depicted. <b>A</b> The slopes of the Higuchi dimension show a slight tendency for two linear regions. Thus, the range of linear regression was limited to the second linear region in order to gain the best absolute dimension values. The linear regression fit the data very well, with coefficients of determination R² higher than 0.993. <b>B</b> The plot data of the Fourier dimension are highly dispersed. The coefficients of determination R² were about 0.332. The highest value was 0.664.</p

IQM Main Window and Components.

<p>The major components Tank, Manager, Viewport and Controls are highlighted. Tank hosts all items (images, signals, tables) and serves as a history of processing steps. The Manager shows thumbnails of the items at the selected Tank index and lets the user select items, which will be displayed in the Viewport. Controls are responsible for setting the application to the “virtual” mode, monitoring the JVM at runtime and determining the stack processing type (serial/parallel).</p

Annotation Layers.

<p>Multiple instances of various ROI shapes may be placed on each annotation layer: (a) shows an annotated image and (b) the assignment of the ROI shapes to layers 1–3. The image may be exchanged while keeping the ROIs on each layer.</p

Implemented Signal Processing Operators.

<p>This table shows all implemented signal operators grouped by their main category. An operator can also contain subroutines which are triggered and parameterized via the graphical user interface. Operators denoted by (*) are fractal operators.</p><p>Implemented Signal Processing Operators.</p

Transition from Phase III to Phase IV in the Proof-of-Principle Analysis.

<p>Region growing was used to determine the size of the area which was not occupied by the cells. The figure gives this size in pixels as a function of the frame number as it was displayed in the Viewport of IQM. The transition from phase III (orange) to phase IV (green) is identifiable as the frame at which the size of the spot reaches and stays at its minimum (frame #512).</p

General Operator Execution Flow.

<p>Each operator (algorithm) may take heterogeneous sources and parameters as input and processes them to a multi-dimensional result. The result may contain multiple images, signals, or tables. Furthermore, custom output objects are also possible to be returned by an operator. The cardinality (0… <i>n</i>) denotes that the result may yield zero or more elements of each kind.</p